Abstract
The patch-clamp technique, invented by Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann in 1976, was originally designed to detect the activity of single-ion channel proteins in the cell membrane. The technique is now widely used in the field of ion channel research for many purposes, such as to monitor changes in the total membrane current, intracellular voltage or cell membrane capacitance etc. in a living cell at high time resolution. We explain the basic principle of, and protocols for, the patch-clamp technique, including maneuvers for patch-clamp amplifier operation – basic knowledge required for applications explained in the following chapters.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Neher E, Sakmann B (1976) Single-channel currents recorded from membrane of denervated frog muscle fibres. Nature 260:799–802
Hamill OP, Marty A, Neher E, Sakmann B, Sigworth FJ (1981) Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patches. Pflugers Arch 391:85–100
Sakmann B, Neher E (1995) Single-channel recording, 2nd edn. Plenum, New York
Neher E (1992) Ion channels for communication between and within cells. Science 256:498–502
Sakmann B (1992) Elementary steps in synaptic transmission revealed by currents through single ion channels. Science 256:503–512
Kakei M, Noma A, Shibasaki T (1985) Properties of adenosine-triphosphate-regulated potassium channels in guinea-pig ventricular cells. J Physiol 363:441–462
Levitan ES, Kramer RH (1990) Neuropeptide modulation of single calcium and potassium channels detected with a new patch clamp configuration. Nature 348:545–547
Horn R, Marty A (1988) Muscarinic activation of ionic currents measured by a new whole-cell recording method. J Gen Physiol 92:145–159
Armstrong DL, White RE (1992) An enzymatic mechanism for potassium channel stimulation through pertussis-toxin-sensitive G proteins. Trends Neurosci 15:403–408
Fan JS, Palade P (1998) Perforated patch recording with beta-escin. Pflugers Arch 436:1021–1023
Abe Y, Furukawa K, Itoyama Y, Akaike N (1994) Glycine response in acutely dissociated ventromedial hypothalamic neuron of the rat: new approach with gramicidin perforated patch-clamp technique. J Neurophysiol 72:1530–1537
Hilgemann DW (1989) Giant excised cardiac sarcolemmal membrane patches: sodium and sodium-calcium exchange currents. Pflugers Arch 415:247–249
Soejima M, Noma A (1984) Mode of regulation of the ACh-sensitive K-channel by the muscarinic receptor in rabbit atrial cells. Pflugers Arch 400:424–431
Sakai H, Okada Y, Morii M, Takeguchi N (1992) Arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 activate small-conductance Cl− channels in the basolateral membrane of rabbit parietal cells. J Physiol 448:293–306
Loirand G, Pacaud P, Baron A, Mironneau C, Mironneau J (1991) Large conductance calcium-activated non-selective cation channel in smooth muscle cells isolated from rat portal vein. J Physiol 437:461–475
Yawo H, Chuhma N (1993) An improved method for perforated patch recordings using nystatin-fluorescein mixture. Jpn J Physiol 43:267–273
Neher E, Marty A (1982) Discrete changes of cell membrane capacitance observed under conditions of enhanced secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:6712–6716
Fidler N, Fernandez JM (1989) Phase tracking: an improved phase detection technique for cell membrane capacitance measurements. Biophys J 56:1153–1162
Lindau M, Neher E (1988) Patch-clamp techniques for time-resolved capacitance measurements in single cells. Pflugers Arch 411:137–146
Gillis KD (1995) Techniques for membrane capacitance measurements. In: Sakmann B, Neher E (eds) Single-channel recording, 2nd edn. Plenum, New York
Okada Y, Hazama A, Hashimoto A, Maruyama Y, Kubo M (1992) Exocytosis upon osmotic swelling in human epithelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1107:201–205
Hashimoto A, Hazama A, Kotera T, Ueda S, Okada Y (1992) Membrane capacitance increases induced by histamine and cyclic AMP in single gastric acid-secreting cells of the guinea pig. Pflugers Arch 422:84–86
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Akita, T., Ohara, M., Okada, Y. (2012). Patch-Clamp Techniques: General Remarks. In: Okada, Y. (eds) Patch Clamp Techniques. Springer Protocols Handbooks. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53993-3_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53993-3_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-53992-6
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-53993-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols