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Chromosomal Copy Number Analysis in Melanoma Diagnostics

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Molecular Diagnostics for Melanoma

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1102))

Abstract

The majority of melanocytic neoplasms can be correctly diagnosed using routine histopathologic analysis. However, a significant minority of tumors have ambiguous histopathologic attributes that overlap between melanocytic nevi and melanoma. Ancillary tests that assist in distinguishing potentially lethal melanomas from benign melanocytic nevi with atypical histopathologic features are available, but still need refining.

Most melanomas have chromosomal copy number aberrations, frequently involving multiple chromosomes. With rare exceptions, such anomalies are not found in melanocytic nevi. This difference formed the basis to develop assays that can help distinguish melanoma from nevi by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). FISH can detect chromosomal copy number changes of a limited number of loci within individual cells. By contrast, CGH assesses copy number across the entire genome, but typically is performed on bulk cell populations so that copy number changes in individual cells or subpopulations of cells can go undetected. Both FISH and CGH have been used to provide genomic information in histopathologically ambiguous melanocytic tumors that can assist pathologists make correct diagnoses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Jeffrey P. North

  2. Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Jeffrey P. North

  3. Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Swapna S. Vemula & Boris C. Bastian

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  1. Jeffrey P. North
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  2. Swapna S. Vemula
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  3. Boris C. Bastian
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Magdalena Thurin

  2. Sidra Medical and Research Center,Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar

    Francesco M. Marincola

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North, J.P., Vemula, S.S., Bastian, B.C. (2014). Chromosomal Copy Number Analysis in Melanoma Diagnostics. In: Thurin, M., Marincola, F. (eds) Molecular Diagnostics for Melanoma. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1102. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-727-3_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-727-3_12

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