Abstract
The HIV-1 entry receptors are CD4 and a chemokine receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4). In addition it has recently been demonstrated that HIV-1 gp120 binds to and signals through integrin α4β7, the gut-homing receptor (Arthos et al., Nat Immunol 9(3):301–309, 2008). Integrin α4β7 is not an entry receptor for HIV-1, although it can facilitate virion attachment to target cells (Arthos et al., Nat Immunol 9(3):301–309, 2008; Cicala et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:20877–20882, 2009). Recombinant HIV-1 gp120s bind to integrin α4β7 in a manner similar to its natural ligands (MAdCAM-1, V-CAM-1, fibronectin) (Andrew et al., J Immunol 153:3847–3861, 1994). gp120-α4β7 interactions are detected in a manner similar to assays developed for the natural ligands of α4β7. In this chapter we describe a method for the analysis of integrin-gp120 binding via a cell-based binding assay. In vitro ligand-integrin affinity can be modified by the presence of divalent cations (Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+) (Leitinger et al., Leitinger Biochim Biophys Acta 1498:91–98, 2000). Here we describe a protocol to detect biotinylated recombinant HIV-1 gp120 binding to integrin α4β7 in both primary cells and cell lines expressing the gut-homing receptor.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arthos J, Cicala C, Martinelli E, Macleod K, Van Ryk D, Wei D, Xiao Z, Veenstra TD, Conrad TP, Lempicki RA, McLaughlin S, Pascuccio M, Gopaul R, McNally J, Cruz CC, Censoplano N, Chung E, Reitano KN, Kottilil S, Goode DJ, Fauci AS (2008) HIV-1 envelope protein binds to and signals through integrin α(4)β(7), the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells. Nat Immunol 9(3):301–309
Cicala C, Martinelli E, McNally JP, Goode DJ, Gopaul R, Hiatt J, Jelicic K, Kottilil S, Macleod K, O’Shea A, Patel N, Van Ryk D, Wei D, Pascuccio M, Yi L, McKinnon L, Izulla P, Kimani J, Kaul R, Fauci AS, Arthos J (2009) The integrin α4β7 forms a complex with cell-surface CD4 and defines a T-cell subset that is highly susceptible to infection by HIV-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 20877–20882
Andrew DP, Berlin C, Honda S, Yoshino T, Hamann A, Holzmann B, Kilshaw PJ, Butcher EC (1994) Distinct but overlapping epitopes are involved in α 4 β 7-mediated adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, mucosal addressin-1, fibronectin, and lymphocyte aggregation. J Immunol 153:3847–3861
Leitinger B, McDowall A, Stanley P, Hogg N (2000) The regulation of integrin function by Ca(2+). Biochim Biophys Acta 1498: 91–98
Derdeyn CA, Hunter E (2008) Viral characteristics of transmitted HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 3:16–21
Berg EL, McEvoy LM, Berlin C, Bargatze RF, Butcher EC (1993) L-selectin-mediated lymphocyte rolling on MAdCAM-1. Nature 366:695–698
Nawaz F, Cicala C, Van Ryk D, Block KE, Jelicic K, McNally JP, Ogundare O, Pascuccio M, Patel N, Wei D, Fauci AS, Arthos J (2011) The genotype of early-transmitting HIV gp120s promotes α (4) β(7)-reactivity, revealing alpha (4) beta(7) +/CD4+ T cells as key targets in mucosal transmission. PLoS Pathog 7:e1001301
Iwata M (2009) Retinoic acid production by intestinal dendritic cells and its role in T-cell trafficking. Semin Immunol 21:8–13
Iwata M (2009) The roles of retinoic acid in lymphocyte differentiation. Semin Immunol 21:1
Hogg N, Patzak I, Willenbrock F (2011) The insider's guide to leukocyte integrin signalling and function. Nat Rev Immunol 11:416–426
Binley JM, Ban YE, Crooks ET, Eggink D, Osawa K, Schief WR, Sanders RW (2010) Role of complex carbohydrates in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and resistance to antibody neutralization. J Virol 84: 5637–5655
Raska M, Takahashi K, Czernekova L, Zachova K, Hall S, Moldoveanu Z, Elliott MC, Wilson L, Brown R, Jancova D, Barnes S, Vrbkova J, Tomana M, Smith PD, Mestecky J, Renfrow MB, Novak J (2010) Glycosylation patterns of HIV-1 gp120 depend on the type of expressing cells and affect antibody recognition. J Biol Chem 285:20860–20869
Doores KJ, Bonomelli C, Harvey DJ, Vasiljevic S, Dwek RA, Burton DR, Crispin M, Scanlan CN (2010) Envelope glycans of immunodeficiency virions are almost entirely oligomannose antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 13800–13805
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Cicala, C., Arthos, J. (2014). Virion Attachment and Entry: HIV gp120 Env Biotinylation, gp120 Env, or Integrin Ligand-Binding Assay. In: Vicenzi, E., Poli, G. (eds) Human Retroviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1087. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-670-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-670-2_1
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-669-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-670-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols