Skip to main content

Sequential Replicas for In Vivo Imaging of Growing Organ Surfaces

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Plant Cell Morphogenesis

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1080))

Abstract

Sequential replica method facilitates in vivo imaging of plant surface and provides data sufficient for detailed computation of geometry and growth. It enables obtaining a series of high-resolution images visualizing details of the examined surface. Series of molds, made in dental polymer, representing the examined surface are used to obtain casts in epoxy resin, which are in turn observed by scanning electron microscopy, while the structure itself remains intact. Images obtained from casts can be further used for data extraction, comprising 3D reconstruction and computation of local geometry and cell growth parameters. The sequential replica method is a universal method and can be applied to image complex shapes of a range of structures, like meristems, flowers, stems, leaves, or various types of trichomes. Different plant species growing in various conditions can be studied.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Green PB, Erickson RO, Richmond PA (1970) On the physical basis of cell morphogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 175:712–731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Hejnowicz Z, Nakielski J (1979) Modeling of growth in shoot apical dome. Acta Soc Bot Pol 48:423–442

    Google Scholar 

  3. Silk WK, Lord EM, Eckard KJ (1989) Growth patterns inferred from anatomical records: empirical tests using longisections of roots of Zea mays L. Plant Physiol 90:708–713

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hejnowicz Z, Nakielski J, Włoch W et al (1988) Growth and development of the shoot apex of barley III. Study of growth rate variation by means of the growth tensor. Acta Soc Bot Pol 57:31–50

    Google Scholar 

  5. Williams MH (1991) A sequential study of cell divisions and expansion patterns on a single developing shoot apex of Vinca major. Ann Bot 68:541–546

    Google Scholar 

  6. Williams MH, Green PB (1988) Sequential scanning electron microscopy of a growing plant meristem. Protoplasma 147:77–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dumais J, Kwiatkowska D (2002) Analysis of surface growth in shoot apices. Plant J 31: 229–241

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Routier-Kierzkowska A-L, Kwiatkowska D (2008) New stereoscopic reconstruction protocol for scanning electron microscope images and its application to in vivo replicas of the shoot apical meristem. Funct Plant Biol 35:1034–1046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Uyttewaal M, Burian A, Alim K et al (2012) Mechanical stress acts via katanin to amplify differences in growth rate between adjacent cells in Arabidopsis. Cell 149:439–451

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Green PB, Havelange A, Bernier G (1991) Floral morphogenesis in Anagallis: scanning-electron-micrograph sequences from individual growing meristems before, during, and after the transition to flowering. Planta 185: 502–512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Andréasson E, Jørgensen LB, Höglund A-S et al (2001) Different myrosinase and idioblast distribution in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus. Plant Physiol 127:1750–1763

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bones A, Rossiter JT (1996) The myrosinase-glucosinolate system, its organization and biochemistry. Physiol Plant 97:194–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Elsner J, Michalski M, Kwiatkowska D (2012) Spatiotemporal variation of leaf epidermal cell growth: a quantitative analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and triple cyclinD3 mutant plants. Ann Bot 109:897–910

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kwiatkowska D, Routier-Kierzkowska A-L (2009) Morphogenesis at the inflorescence shoot apex of Anagallis arvensis: surface geometry and growth in comparison with the vegetative shoot. J Exp Bot 60:3407–3418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kwiatkowska D (2006) Flower primordium formation at the Arabidopsis shoot apex: quantitative analysis of surface geometry and growth. J Exp Bot 57:571–580

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kwiatkowska D (2004) Surface growth at the reproductive shoot apex of Arabidopsis thaliana: pin-formed 1 and wild type. J Exp Bot 55:1021–1032

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Geisler MJ, Sack FD (2002) Variable timing of developmental progression in the stomatal pathway in Arabidopsis cotyledons. New Phytol 153:469–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The sequential replica method has been developed by the late Paul B. Green. While writing this chapter, we have used his numerous indispensable advices that we have learned from Dr. Jacques Dumais, the last graduate student of Paul. We would like to thank Drs. Zofia Czarna and Krystyna Heller (Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Wrocław University of Agricultural Sciences, Poland) and Ewa Teper (Laboratory of Scanning Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia) for their help with scanning electron microscopy and Dr. Joanna Elsner (University of Silesia) for providing SEM micrographs of leaf epidermis. The work in D.K. lab is financially supported by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and by the MAESTRO research grant No 2011/02/A/NZ3/00079 from the National Science Centre, Poland.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media, New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Kwiatkowska, D., Burian, A. (2014). Sequential Replicas for In Vivo Imaging of Growing Organ Surfaces. In: Žárský, V., Cvrčková, F. (eds) Plant Cell Morphogenesis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1080. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-643-6_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-643-6_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-642-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-643-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics