Skip to main content

RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation from Whole-Cell Extracts

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Arabidopsis Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1062))

Abstract

RNA-based regulation is increasingly recognized as an important factor shaping the cellular transcriptome. RNA-binding proteins that interact with cis-regulatory motifs within pre-mRNAs determine the fate of their targets. Understanding posttranscriptional networks controlled by an RNA-binding protein requires the identification of its immediate in vivo targets. Here we describe RNA immunoprecipitation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic plants expressing an RNA-binding protein fused to green fluorescent protein are treated with formaldehyde to “trap” RNAs in complexes with their physiological protein partners. A whole-cell extract is subjected to immunoprecipitation with an antibody against the GFP tag. In parallel, a mock immunoprecipitation is performed using an unrelated antibody. Coprecipitated RNAs are eluted from the immunoprecipitate and identified via real-time PCR. Enrichment relative to immunoprecipitation from plants expressing GFP only and mock immunoprecipitation with an unrelated antibody indicates specific binding.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Keene JD, Tenenbaum SA (2002) Eukaryotic mRNPs may represent posttranscriptional operons. Mol Cell 9:1161–1167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tenenbaum SA, Carson CC, Lager PJ et al (2000) Identifying mRNA subsets in messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes by using cDNA arrays. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:14085–14090

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Cheng Y, Chen X (2004) Posttranscriptional control of plant development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:20–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Lorkovic ZJ (2009) Role of plant RNA-binding proteins in development, stress response and genome organization. Trends Plant Sci 14:229–236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Staiger D, Green R (2011) RNA-based regulation in the plant circadian clock. Trends Plant Sci 16:517–523

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Quesada V, Dean C, Simpson GG (2005) Regulated RNA processing in the control of Arabidopsis flowering. Int J Dev Biol 49:773–780

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gorlach M, Burd CG, Dreyfuss G (1994) The determinants of RNA-binding specificity of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C proteins. J Biol Chem 269:23074–23078

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lorenz C, von Pelchrzim F, Schroeder R (2006) Genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (Genomic SELEX) for the identification of protein-binding RNAs independent of their expression levels. Nat Protoc 1:2204–2212

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Brown JW, Birmingham A, Griffiths PE et al (2009) The RNA structure alignment ontology. RNA 15:1623–1631

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kaufmann K, Muino JM, Osteras M et al (2010) Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of plant transcription factors followed by sequencing (ChIP-SEQ) or hybridization to whole genome arrays (ChIP-CHIP). Nat Protoc 5:457–472

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Schöning JC, Streitner C, Page DR et al (2007) Autoregulation of the circadian slave oscillator component AtGRP7 and regulation of its targets is impaired by a single RNA recognition motif point mutation. Plant J 52:1119–1130

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Mili S, Steitz JA (2004) Evidence for reassociation of RNA-binding proteins after cell lysis: implications for the interpretation of immunoprecipitation analyses. RNA 10:1692–1694

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Terzi LC, Simpson GG (2009) Arabidopsis RNA immunoprecipitation. Plant J 59:163–168

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ule J, Jensen KB, Ruggiu M et al (2003) CLIP identifies Nova-regulated RNA networks in the brain. Science 302:1212–1215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hafner M, Landthaler M, Burger L et al (2010) Transcriptome-wide identification of RNA-binding protein and microRNA target sites by PAR-CLIP. Cell 141:129–141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mukherjee N, Corcoran DL, Nusbaum JD et al (2011) Integrative regulatory mapping indicates that the RNA-binding protein HuR couples pre-mRNA processing and mRNA stability. Mol Cell 43:327–339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Frohnmeyer H, Staiger D (2003) Ultraviolet-B radiation-mediated responses in plants. Balancing damage and protection. Plant Physiol 133:1420–1428

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Rizzini L, Favory JJ, Cloix C et al (2011) Perception of UV-B by the Arabidopsis UVR8 protein. Science 332:103–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Pfaffl MW (2001) A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 29:e45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Haring M, Offermann S, Danker T et al (2007) Chromatin immunoprecipitation: optimization, quantitative analysis and data normalization. Plant Methods 3:11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Galgano A, Gerber AP (2011) RNA-binding protein immunopurification-microarray (RIP-Chip) analysis to profile localized RNAs. Methods Mol Biol 714:369–385

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Jensen KB, Darnell RB (2008) CLIP: crosslinking and immunoprecipitation of in vivo RNA targets of RNA-binding proteins. Methods Mol Biol 488:85–98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Schmitz-Linneweber C, Williams-Carrier R, Barkan A (2005) RNA immunoprecipitation and microarray analysis show a chloroplast Pentatricopeptide repeat protein to be associated with the 5′ region of mRNAs whose translation it activates. Plant Cell 17:2791–2804

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Barkan A (2009) Genome-wide analysis of RNA-protein interactions in plants. Methods Mol Biol 553:13–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Montgomery TA, Howell MD, Cuperus JT et al (2008) Specificity of ARGONAUTE7-miR390 interaction and dual functionality in TAS3 trans-acting siRNA formation. Cell 133:128–141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mustroph A, Juntawong P, Bailey-Serres J (2009) Isolation of plant polysomal mRNA by differential centrifugation and ribosome immunopurification methods. Methods Mol Biol 553:109–126

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Staiger D, Heintzen C (1999) The circadian system of Arabidopsis thaliana: forward and reverse genetic approaches. Chronobiol Int 16:1–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Staiger D, Zecca L, Wieczorek Kirk DA et al (2003) The circadian clock regulated RNA-binding protein AtGRP7 autoregulates its expression by influencing alternative splicing of its own pre-mRNA. Plant J 33:361–371

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Schöning JC, Streitner C, Meyer IM et al (2008) Reciprocal regulation of glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins via an interlocked feedback loop coupling alternative splicing to nonsense-mediated decay in Arabidopsis. Nucleic Acids Res 36:6977–6987

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Streitner C, Hennig L, Korneli C et al (2010) Global transcript profiling of transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing the RNA-binding protein AtGRP7. BMC Plant Biol 10:221

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Rothbauer U, Zolghadr K, Tillib S et al (2006) Targeting and tracing antigens in live cells with fluorescent nanobodies. Nat Methods 3:887–889

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Rothbauer U, Zolghadr K, Muyldermans S et al (2008) A versatile nanotrap for biochemical and functional studies with fluorescent fusion proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 7:282–289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Isono E, Schwechheimer C (2010) Co-immunoprecipitation and protein blots. Methods Mol Biol 655:377–387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Boulon S, Lam YW et al (2008) Identifying specific protein interaction partners using quantitative mass spectrometry and bead proteomes. J Cell Biol 183:223–239

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Niranjanakumari S, Lasda E, Brazas R et al (2002) Reversible cross-linking combined with immunoprecipitation to study RNA-protein interactions in vivo. Methods 26:182–190

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Hummon AB, Lim SR, Difilippantonio MJ et al (2007) Isolation and solubilization of proteins after TRIzol extraction of RNA and DNA from patient material following prolonged storage. Biotechniques 42:467–472

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

We thank Dr. Gordon Simpson (Dundee) for discussions on RIP strategies.

This work was supported by the DFG (STA 653/2 and SFB 613). T.K. is a fellow of the German National Academic Foundation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Köster, T., Staiger, D. (2014). RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation from Whole-Cell Extracts. In: Sanchez-Serrano, J., Salinas, J. (eds) Arabidopsis Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1062. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-580-4_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-580-4_35

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-579-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-580-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics