Skip to main content

Fluorimetric and HPLC-Based Dengue Virus Protease Assays Using a FRET Substrate

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Antiviral Methods and Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1030))

Abstract

The number of dengue virus infections is increasing and the dengue NS2B–NS3 protease is considered a promising target for the development of antiviral therapies. Therefore, reliable and fast screening systems are needed for the discovery of new lead structures. In this chapter, we describe two dengue virus protease assays based on an internally quenched, high-affinity Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) substrate (K m = 105 μM). A fluorimetric assay using a microtiter fluorescence plate reader can be used for high-throughput screening of a large number of compounds. Alternatively, an HPLC-based assay with fluorescence detection can be applied to confirm the compound hits and to avoid false-positive results that may arise due to the inner filter effect of some compounds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Lescar J, Luo D, Xu T et al (2008) Towards the design of antiviral inhibitors against flaviviruses: the case for the multifunctional NS3 protein from dengue virus as a target. Antiviral Res 80:94–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Yusof R, Clum S, Wetzel M et al (2000) Purified NS2B/NS3 serine protease of dengue virus type 2 exhibits cofactor NS2B dependence for cleavage of substrates with dibasic amino acids in vitro. J Biol Chem 275:9963–9969

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Leung D, Schroder K, White H et al (2001) Activity of recombinant dengue 2 virus NS3 protease in the presence of a truncated NS2B co-factor, small peptide substrates, and inhibitors. J Biol Chem 276:45762–45771

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Li J, Lim SP, Beer D et al (2005) Functional profiling of recombinant NS3 proteases from all four serotypes of dengue virus using tetrapeptide and octapeptide substrate libraries. J Biol Chem 280:28766–28774

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gouvea IE, Izidoro MA, Judice WAS et al (2007) Substrate specificity of recombinant dengue 2 virus NS2B-NS3 protease: influence of natural and unnatural basic amino acids on hydrolysis of synthetic fluorescent substrates. Arch Biochem Biophys 457:187–196

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Niyomrattanakit P, Winoyanuwattikun P, Chanprapaph S et al (2004) Identification of residues in the dengue virus type 2 NS2B cofactor that are critical for NS3 protease activation. J Virol 78:13708–13716

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Shiryaev SA, Ratnikov BI, Aleshin AE et al (2007) Switching the substrate specificity of the two-component NS2B-NS3 flavivirus proteinase by structure-based mutagenesis. J Virol 81:4501–4509

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Yin Z, Patel SJ, Wang WL et al (2006) Peptide inhibitors of dengue virus NS3 protease. Part 2: SAR study of tetrapeptide aldehyde inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 16:40–43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Niyomrattanakit P, Yahorava S, Mutule I et al (2006) Probing the substrate specificity of the dengue virus type 2 NS3 serine protease by using internally quenched fluorescent peptides. Biochem J 397:203–211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Steuer C, Heinonen KH, Kattner L et al (2009) Optimization of assay conditions for dengue virus protease: effect of various polyols and nonionic detergents. J Biomol Screen 14:1102–1108

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Deng J, Li N, Liu H et al (2012) Discovery of novel small molecule inhibitors of dengue viral NS2B-NS3 protease using virtual screening and scaffold hopping. J Med Chem 55: 6278–6293

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Prusis P, Lapins M, Yahorava S et al (2008) Proteochemometrics analysis of substrate interactions with dengue virus NS3 proteases. Bioorg Med Chem 16:9369–9377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Meldal M, Breddam K (1991) Anthranilamide and nitrotyrosine as a donor-acceptor pair in internally quenched fluorescent substrates for endopeptidases: multicolumn peptide synthesis of enzyme substrates for subtilisin Carlsberg and pepsin. Anal Biochem 195: 141–147

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Förster T (1948) Zwischenmolekulare Energ-iewanderung und Fluoreszenz. Ann Phys 437: 55–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yaron A, Carmel A, Katchalski-Katzir E (1979) Intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic substrates for hydrolytic enzymes. Anal Biochem 95:228–235

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Steuer C, Gege C, Fischl W et al (2011) Synthesis and biological evaluation of alpha-ketoamides as inhibitors of the Dengue virus protease with antiviral activity in cell-culture. Bioorg Med Chem 19:4067–4074

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Nitsche C, Steuer C, Klein CD (2011) Arylcyanoacrylamides as inhibitors of the dengue and West Nile virus proteases. Bioorg Med Chem 19:7318–7337

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Nitsche C, Behnam MAM, Steuer C et al (2012) Retro peptide-hybrids as selective inhibitors of the dengue virus NS2B-NS3 protease. Antiviral Res 94:72–79

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mendgen T, Steuer C, Klein CD (2012) Privileged scaffolds or promiscuous binders: a comparative study on rhodanines and related heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. J Med Chem 55:743–753

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu YY, Kati W, Chen CM et al (1999) Use of a fluorescence plate reader for measuring kinetic parameters with inner filter effect correction. Anal Biochem 267:331–335

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Steuer C (2011) Medizinische Chemie der Dengue Protease und verwandter flaviviraler Proteasen. PhD thesis, University of Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  22. Khumthong R, Angsuthanasombat C, Panyim S et al (2002) In vitro determination of dengue virus type 2 NS2B-NS3 protease activity with fluorescent peptide substrates. J Biochem Mol Biol 35:206–212

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Merrifield RB (1965) Solid-phase peptide synthesis. Endeavour 24:3–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Chang C-D, Meienhofer J (1978) Solid-phase peptide synthesis using mild base cleavage of N alpha-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino acids, exemplified by a synthesis of dihydrosomatostatin. Int J Pept Protein Res 11:246–249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Champreda V, Khumthong R, Subsin B et al (2000) The two-component protease NS2B-NS3 of dengue virus type 2: cloning, expression in Escherichia coli and purification of the NS2B, NS3(pro) and NS2B-NS3 proteins. J Biochem Mol Biol 33:294–299

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The basic principles of the assay system reported here were developed by Dr. Christian Steuer [10, 21]. We thank Michael Wacker for technical assistance and solid-phase peptide synthesis. Christoph Nitsche thanks for the support by a fellowship of the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Nitsche, C., Klein, C.D. (2013). Fluorimetric and HPLC-Based Dengue Virus Protease Assays Using a FRET Substrate. In: Gong, E. (eds) Antiviral Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1030. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-484-5_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-484-5_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-483-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-484-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics