Abstract
Eukaryotic cells undergo death by several different mechanisms: apoptosis, a cell death that prevents inflammatory response; necrosis, when the cell membrane lyses and all the intracellular content is spilled outside; and pyroptosis, a cell death that is accompanied by the release of inflammatory cytokines by the dying cells. Pyroptosis is designed to attract a nonspecific innate response to the site of infection or tumor. In this chapter, we describe the methods used to study pyroptosis in a mammalian cell. The model organism used is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which suppresses pyroptosis by macrophages, and possibly in dendritic cells.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Bergsbaken T, Fink SL, Cookson BT (2009) Pyroptosis: host cell death and inflammation. Nat Rev Microbiol 7(2):99–109. doi:nrmicro2070 [pii], 10.1038/nrmicro2070
Miao EA, Leaf IA, Treuting PM, Mao DP, Dors M, Sarkar A, Warren SE, Wewers MD, Aderem A (2010) Caspase-1-induced pyroptosis is an innate immune effector mechanism against intracellular bacteria. Nat Immunol 11(12):1136–1142. doi:ni.1960 [pii], 10.1038/ni.1960
Fink SL, Cookson BT (2005) Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells. Infect Immun 73(4):1907–1916. doi:73/4/1907 [pii], 10.1128/IAI.73.4.1907-1916.2005
Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Vandenabeele P, Abrams J, Alnemri ES, Baehrecke EH, Blagosklonny MV, El-Deiry WS, Golstein P, Green DR, Hengartner M, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lipton SA, Malorni W, Nunez G, Peter ME, Tschopp J, Yuan J, Piacentini M, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G (2009) Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009. Cell Death Differ 16(1):3–11. doi:cdd2008150 [pii], 10.1038/cdd.2008.150
Monack DM, Mecsas J, Bouley D, Falkow S (1998) Yersinia-induced apoptosis in vivo aids in the establishment of a systemic infection of mice. J Exp Med 188(11):2127–2137
Behar SM, Divangahi M, Remold HG (2010) Evasion of innate immunity by mycobacterium tuberculosis: is death an exit strategy? Nat Rev Microbiol 8(9):668–674. doi:nrmicro2387 [pii], 10.1038/nrmicro2387
Mariathasan S, Newton K, Monack DM, Vucic D, French DM, Lee WP, Roose-Girma M, Erickson S, Dixit VM (2004) Differential activation of the inflammasome by caspase-1 adaptors ASC and Ipaf. Nature 430(6996):213–218. doi:10.1038/nature02664, nature02664 [pii]
Haimovich B, Venkatesan MM (2006) Shigella and Salmonella: death as a means of survival. Microbes Infect 8(2):568–577. doi:S1286-4579(05)00297-2 [pii], 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.08.002
Bergsbaken T, Cookson BT (2007) Macrophage activation redirects yersinia-infected host cell death from apoptosis to caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. PLoS Pathog 3(11):e161. doi:07-PLPA-RA-0189 [pii], 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030161
Danelishvili L, Yamazaki Y, Selker J, Bermudez LE (2010) Secreted mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3654c and Rv3655c proteins participate in the suppression of macrophage apoptosis. PLoS One 5(5):e10474. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010474
Danelishvili L, McGarvey J, Li YJ, Bermudez LE (2003) Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection causes different levels of apoptosis and necrosis in human macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 5(9):649–660
Danelishvili L, Everman JL, McNamara MJ, Bermudez LE (2011) Inhibition of the plasma-membrane-associated serine protease cathepsin G by mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3364c suppresses caspase-1 and pyroptosis in macrophages. Front Microbiol 2:281. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00281
Duan L, Gan H, Arm J, Remold HG (2001) Cytosolic phospholipase A2 participates with TNF-alpha in the induction of apoptosis of human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. J Immunol 166(12):7469–7476
Chen M, Gan H, Remold HG (2006) A mechanism of virulence: virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv, but not attenuated H37Ra, causes significant mitochondrial inner membrane disruption in macrophages leading to necrosis. J Immunol 176(6):3707–3716. doi:176/6/3707 [pii]
van der Wel N, Hava D, Houben D, Fluitsma D, van Zon M, Pierson J, Brenner M, Peters PJ (2007) M. tuberculosis and M. leprae translocate from the phagolysosome to the cytosol in myeloid cells. Cell 129(7):1287–1298. doi:S0092-8674(07)00782-9 [pii], 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.059
Rich EA, Torres M, Sada E, Finegan CK, Hamilton BD, Toossi Z (1997) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-stimulated production of nitric oxide by human alveolar macrophages and relationship of nitric oxide production to growth inhibition of MTB. Tuber Lung Dis 78(5–6):247–255. doi:S0962-8479(97)90005-8 [pii]
Pieters J (2008) Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the macrophage: maintaining a balance. Cell Host Microbe 3(6):399–407. doi:S1931-3128(08)00154-6 [pii], 10.1016/j.chom.2008.05.006
Fratti RA, Chua J, Vergne I, Deretic V (2003) Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycosylated phosphatidylinositol causes phagosome maturation arrest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(9):5437–5442. doi:10.1073/pnas.0737613100, 0737613100 [pii]
Miao EA, Andersen-Nissen E, Warren SE, Aderem A (2007) TLR5 and Ipaf: dual sensors of bacterial flagellin in the innate immune system. Semin Immunopathol 29(3):275–288. doi:10.1007/s00281-007-0078-z
Dinarello CA (2009) Immunological and inflammatory functions of the interleukin-1 family. Annu Rev Immunol 27:519–550. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132612
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Danelishvili, L., Bermudez, L.E. (2013). Analysis of Pyroptosis in Bacterial Infection. In: McCall, K., Klein, C. (eds) Necrosis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1004. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-383-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-383-1_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-382-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-383-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols