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The Cytoskeleton pp 299–319Cite as

Reactive Astrocytes, Astrocyte Intermediate Filament Proteins, and Their Role in the Disease Pathogenesis

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Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 79))

Abstract

Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis are seen in many neuropathologies, e.g., neurotrauma, stroke, epilepsy, or neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocyte activation alters gene expression and leads to morphological and functional changes in astrocytes with important functional consequences for the central nervous system (Eddleston and Mucke, Neuroscience 54:15-36, 1993; Eng and Ghirnikar, Brain Pathol 4:229-237, 1994; Hernandez et al., Glia 38:45-64, 2002; Pekny and Nilsson, Glia 50:427-434, 2005; Wilhelmsson et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:17513-17518, 2006; Sofroniew, Trends Neurosci 32:638-647, 2009; Sofroniew and Vinters, Acta Neuropathol 119:7-35, 2010). The understanding of astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis in pathological situations remains incomplete but the increasing amount of experimental evidence points to its importance in disease pathogenesis (Wilhelmsson et al., J Neurosci 24:5016-5021, 2004; Sofroniew, Neuroscientist 11:400-407, 2005; Maragakis and Rothstein, Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2:679-689, 2006; Seifert et al., Nat Rev Neurosci 7:194-206, 2006; Correa-Cerro and Mandell, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 66:169-76, 2007; Barres, Neuron 60:430-440, 2008; Li et al., J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 28:468-481, 2008; Macauley et al. J Neurosci 31:15575-15585, 2011). One of the principal hallmarks of astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis is the upregulation of astrocyte intermediate filament (nanofilament) proteins and reorganization of intermediate filaments that are part of the cytoskeleton. This review focuses on the role of the intermediate filament system of astrocytes in neuropathological context and presents some of the relevant model systems.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Swedish Research Council (11548 to MPy, 20116 to MPa), ALF Gothenburg (11267 to MPa and 146051 to MPy), STENA Foundation, AFA Insurance, the EU projects EduGlia (237956 to MPy), TargetBraIn (279017 to MPy) and NanoNet COST Action (BM1002), and R. and T. Söderberg’s, E. Jacobson’s, and R. and U. Amlöv’s Foundations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Milos Pekny, Michelle Porritt, Yolanda de Pablo, Marcela Pekna & Ulrika Wilhelmsson

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  1. Milos Pekny
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  2. Michelle Porritt
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  3. Yolanda de Pablo
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  4. Marcela Pekna
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  5. Ulrika Wilhelmsson
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Correspondence to Milos Pekny .

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  1. Faculty of Medicine, Neuroanatomy & Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany

    Rolf Dermietzel

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Pekny, M., Porritt, M., de Pablo, Y., Pekna, M., Wilhelmsson, U. (2013). Reactive Astrocytes, Astrocyte Intermediate Filament Proteins, and Their Role in the Disease Pathogenesis. In: Dermietzel, R. (eds) The Cytoskeleton. Neuromethods, vol 79. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-266-7_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-266-7_13

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-265-0

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