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Phytoplasma pp 73–85Cite as

Insect Vector Transmission Assays

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 938))

Abstract

Phytoplasmas are transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by phloem-feeding vectors belonging to the order Hemiptera, suborder Homoptera. Following acquisition from the infected source plant, there is a latent period before the vector can transmit, so transmission assays consist of three basic steps: acquisition, latency, and inoculation. More than 90 vector species (plant-, leafhoppers, and psyllids) have been discovered so far but many others are still undiscovered, and their role in spreading economically important crop diseases is neglected. Therefore, screening for vectors is an essential step in developing rational control strategies targeted against the actual vectors for phytoplasma-associated diseases. The mere detection of a phytoplasma in an insect does not imply that the insect is a vector; a transmission assay is required to provide conclusive evidence. Transmission experiments can be carried out using insects from phytoplasma-free laboratory colonies or field-collections. Moreover, transmission assays can be performed by feeding vectors on an artificial diet through Parafilm®, after which phytoplasmas can be detected in the sucrose feeding medium by PCR. Transmission trials involve the use of different techniques according to the biology of the different vector species; planthoppers, leafhoppers, and psyllids.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. DIVAPRA—Entomologia e Zoologia applicate all’Ambiente “Carlo Vidano”, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy

    Domenico Bosco & Rosemarie Tedeschi

Authors
  1. Domenico Bosco
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  2. Rosemarie Tedeschi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Domenico Bosco .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom

    Matt Dickinson

  2. The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom

    Jennifer Hodgetts

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Bosco, D., Tedeschi, R. (2013). Insect Vector Transmission Assays. In: Dickinson, M., Hodgetts, J. (eds) Phytoplasma. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 938. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-089-2_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-089-2_7

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-088-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-089-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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