Abstract
A range of techniques have been used to measure the concentration of cytosolic-free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) in plant cells. Fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive indicators have been used extensively to measure plant [Ca2+]cyt and a number of techniques are available for loading these into plant cells. Here we describe a method for measuring [Ca2+]cyt in the guard cells of the model plant species Commelina communis by ratio photometry and imaging techniques using the ratiometric fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive indicator fura-2.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Rudd JJ, Franklin-Tong VE (2001) Unravelling response-specificity in Ca2+ signalling pathways in plant cells. New Phytol 151:7–33
McAinsh MR (2007) Calcium oscillations in guard cell adaptive responses to the environment. In: Mancuso S, Shabala S (eds) Rhythms in plants: phenomenology, mechanisms, and adaptive significance. Springer, Berlin
Volkov AG (2006) Plant electrophysiology: theory and methods. Springer, Berlin
Miller AJ, Sanders D (1987) Depletion of cytosolic free calcium induced by photosynthesis. Nature 326:397–400
Felle H (1988) Auxin causes oscillations of cytosolic free calcium and pH in Zea mays coleoptiles. Planta 174:495–499
Brini M (2008) Calcium-sensitive photoproteins. Methods 46:160–166
Williamson RE, Ashley CC (1982) Free Ca2+ and cytoplasmic streaming in the alga, Chara. Nature 296:647–651
Knight MR et al (1991) Transgenic plant aequorin reports the effects of touch and cold-shock and elicitors on cytoplasmic calcium. Nature 352:524–526
Knight H, Trewavas AJ, Knight MR (1996) Cold calcium signalling in Arabidopsis involves two cellular pools and a change in calcium signature after acclimation. Plant Cell 8:489–503
Kiegle E et al (2000) Cell-type-specific calcium responses to drought, salt and cold in the Arabidopsis root. Plant J 23:267–278
Dodd AN et al (2006) Time of day modulates low-temperature Ca2+ signals in Arabidopsis. Plant J 48:962–973
Miyawaki A et al (1997) Fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ based on green fluorescent proteins and calmodulin. Nature 388:882–887
Emmanouilidou E et al (1999) Imaging Ca2+ concentration changes at the secretory vesicle surface with a recombinant targeted cameleon. Curr Biol 9:915–918
Allen GJ et al (1999) Cameleon calcium indicator reports cytoplasmic calcium dynamics in Arabidopsis guard cells. Plant J 19:735–747
Allen GJ et al (2001) A defined range of guard cell calcium oscillation parameters encodes stomatal movements. Nature 411:1053–1057
Kosuta S et al (2008) Differential and chaotic calcium signatures in the symbiosis signaling pathway of legumes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:9823–9828
Canato M et al (2011) Arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphopodia and germinated spore exudates trigger Ca2+ spiking in the legume and nonlegume root epidermis. New Phytol 189:347–355
Grynkiewicz G, Poenie M, Tsien RY (1985) A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence characteristics. J Biol Chem 260:3440–3450
McAinsh MR, Brownlee C, Hetherington AM (1990) Abscisic acid-induced elevation of guard cell cytosolic Ca2+ precedes stomatal closure. Nature 343:186–188
Ng CK-Y et al (2001) Drought-induced guard cell signal transduction involves sphingosine-1-phosphate. Nature 410:596–599
Schroeder JI, Hagiwara S (1990) Repetitive increases in cytosolic Ca2+ of guard cells by abscisic acid activation of nonselective Ca2+ permeable channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:9305–9309
Lemtiri-Chlieh F et al (2003) Inositol hexakisphosphate mobilizes an endomembrane store of calcium in guard cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:10091–10095
Bothwell JHF et al (2006) Biolistic delivery of Ca2+ dyes into plant and algal cells. Plant J 46:327–335
Bothwell JHF et al (2008) Ca2+ signals coordinate zygotic polarization and cell cycle progression in the brown alga Fucus serratus. Development 135:2173–2181
Wheeler GL, Joint I, Brownlee C (2008) Rapid spatiotemporal patterning of cytosolic Ca2+ underlies flagellar excision in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant J 53:401–413
Fricker M, Runions J, Moore I (2006) Quantitative fluorescence microscopy: from art to science. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:79–107
Dodd AN, Kudla J, Sanders D (2010) The language of calcium signalling. Annu Rev Plant Biol 61:593–620
Kim T-H et al (2010) Guard cell signal transduction network: advances in understanding abscisic acid, CO2, and Ca2+ signaling. Annu Rev Plant Biol 61:561–591
Kudla J, Batistic O, Hashimoto K (2010) Calcium signals: the lead currency of plant information processing. Plant Cell 22:541–563
McAinsh MR, Brownlee C, Hetherington AM (1991) Partial inhibition of ABA-induced stomatal closure by calcium-channel blockers. Proc R Soc Lond B 243:195–201
Oparka KJ et al (1991) Modification of the pressure-probe technique permits controlled intracellular microinjection of fluorescent-probes. J Cell Sci 98:539–544
McAinsh MR, Brownlee C, Hetherington AM (1992) Visualizing changes in cytosolic-free Ca2+ during the response of stomatal guard cells to abscisic acid. Plant Cell 4:1113–1122
McAinsh MR et al (1995) Stimulus-induced oscillations in guard cell cytosolic free calcium. Plant Cell 7:1207–1219
Webb AAR et al (2001) The role of calcium in ABA-induced gene expression and stomatal movements. Plant J 26:351–362
Iain Johnson I, Spence MTZ (2010) Molecular probes handbook: a guide to fluorescent probes and labeling technologies, 11th edn. Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR
Trejo CL, Clephan AL, Davies WJ (1995) How do stomata read abscisic acid-signals. Plant Physiol 109:803–811
Brown KT, Flaming DG (1986) Advanced micropipette techniques for cell physiology. Wiley, Chichester, UK
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the European Community, The Royal Society, the Natural Environment Research Council (UK), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Science Foundation Ireland (Republic of Ireland), and the Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology (Republic of Ireland) for funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
McAinsh, M.R., Ng, C.KY. (2013). Measurement of Cytosolic-Free Ca2+ in Plant Tissue. In: Lambert, D., Rainbow, R. (eds) Calcium Signaling Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 937. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-086-1_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-086-1_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-085-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-086-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols