Abstract
Human antibody single domains are a promising new class of antibody fragments. Here we describe methods for the cloning of human VH and VL genes into phage and phagemid vectors. Furthermore, we provide detailed protocols for the generation of single domain antibody libraries by Kunkel mutagenesis and the analysis of diversity by DNA sequencing and superantigen binding.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ewert S, Cambillau C, Conrath K, Pluckthun A (2002) Biophysical properties of camelid VHH domains compared to those of human VH3 domains. Biochemistry 41:3628–3636
Ewert S, Huber T, Honegger A, Pluckthun A (2003) Biophysical properties of human antibody variable domains. J Mol Biol 325:531–553
Jespers L, Schon O, Famm K, Winter G (2004) Aggregation-resistant domain antibodies selected on phage by heat denaturation. Nat Biotechnol 22:1161–1165
Barthelemy PA, Raab H, Appleton BA, Bond CJ, Wu P, Wiesmann C, Sidhu SS (2008) Comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to the stability and solubility of autonomous human VH domains. J Biol Chem 283:3639–3654
Christ D, Famm K, Winter G (2007) Repertoires of aggregation-resistant human antibody domains. Protein Eng Des Sel 20:413–416
Famm K, Hansen L, Christ D, Winter G (2008) Thermodynamically stable aggregation-resistant antibody domains through directed evolution. J Mol Biol 376:926–931
Dudgeon K, Famm K, Christ D (2009) Sequence determinants of protein aggregation in human VH domains. Protein Eng Des Sel 22:217–220
Arbabi-Ghahroudi M, Mackenzie R, Tanha J (2010) Site-directed mutagenesis for improving biophysical properties of VH domains. Methods Mol Biol 634:309–330
Holt LJ, Basran A, Jones K, Chorlton J, Jespers LS, Brewis ND, Tomlinson IM (2008) Anti-serum albumin domain antibodies for extending the half-lives of short lived drugs. Protein Eng Des Sel 21:283–288
Silacci M, Brack S, Schirru G, Marlind J, Ettore A, Viti F, Neri D (2005) Design, construction, and characterization of a large synthetic human antibody phage display library. Proteomics 5(9):2340–2350
de Wildt RM, Mundy CR, Gorick BD, Tomlinson IM (2000) Antibody arrays for high-throughput screening of antibody-antigen interactions. Nat Biotechnol 18:989–994
Jansson B, Uhlen M, Nygren PA (1998) All individual domains of staphylococcal protein A show Fab binding. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 20:69–78
Björck L, Protein L (1988) A novel bacterial cell wall protein with affinity for Ig L chains. J Immunol 140:1194–1197
Kunkel TA, Roberts JD, Zakour RA (1987) Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Methods Enzymol 154:367–382
Sidhu S, Lowman H, Cunningham B, Wells J (2000) Phage display for selection of novel binding peptides. Methods Enzymol 328:333–363
Kabat E, Wu TT, Perry HM, Kay S, Gottesman CF (1992) Sequences of proteins of immunological interest, 5 edn. DIANE Publishing, Darby, PA, USA
Zacher AN 3rd, Stock CA, Golden JW 2nd, Smith GP (1980) A new filamentous phage cloning vector: Fd-tet. Gene 9:127–140
Hoogenboom HR, Griffiths AD, Johnson KS, Chiswell DJ, Hudson P, Winter G (1991) Multi-subunit proteins on the surface of filamentous phage: methodologies for displaying antibody (Fab) heavy and light chains. Nucleic Acids Res 19:4133–4137
Kristensen P, Winter G (1998) Proteolytic selection for protein folding using filamentous bacteriophages. Fold Des 3:321–328
Christ D, Famm K, Winter G (2006) Tapping diversity lost in transformations-in vitro amplification of ligation reactions. Nucleic Acids Res 34:e108
Dudgeon K, Rouet R, Famm K, Christ D (2012) Selection of human VH single domains with improved biophysical properties by phage display. In: Single domain antibodies: methods and protocols. Methods in molecular biology, forthcoming
Lee CM, Iorno N, Sierro F, Christ D (2007) Selection of human antibody fragments by phage display. Nat Protoc 2:3001–3008
Acknowledgments
The protocols are based on methods originally developed in Greg Winter’s group at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and were modified in our laboratory at the Garvan Institute. This work was funded by the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, the Australian National Health and Medical Council, the Australian Research Council, the Cancer Institute NSW, and the United Kingdom Medical Research Council.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Rouet, R., Dudgeon, K., Christ, D. (2012). Generation of Human Single Domain Antibody Repertoires by Kunkel Mutagenesis. In: Chames, P. (eds) Antibody Engineering. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 907. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-974-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-974-7_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-973-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-974-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols