Abstract
Plant cell walls are dynamic structures that show changes in composition and configuration depending on the developmental stage, biotic, and abiotic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to have tools for visualizing the components of the cell wall in situ at any stage. Here, we describe how specific monoclonal antibodies can be used to examine the distribution of plant cell wall glycan epitopes at the whole plant, tissue, cell, and subcellular levels. Understanding the basic cell wall structure is essential for devising efficient strategies to convert cell walls to fermentable sugars for ethanol production.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Keegstra K (2010) Plant cell walls. Plant Physiol 154:483–486
Pauly M, Keegstra K (2010) Plant cell wall polymers as precursors for biofuels. Curr Opin Plant Biol 13:305–312
McCann MC, Knox JP (2011) Plant cell wall biology: polysaccharides in architectural and developmental contexts. In: Ulvskov P (ed) Plant polysaccharides: biosynthesis and bioengineering. Annu Plant Rev 41:343–366
York WS, O’Neill MA (2008) Biochemical control of xylan biosynthesis—which end is up? Curr Opin Plant Biol 11:258–265
Pattathil S, Avci U, Baldwin D, Swennes AG, McGill JA, Popper Z, Bootten T, Albert A, Davis RH, Chennareddy C, Dong R, O’Shea B, Rossi R, Leoff C, Freshour G, Narra R, O’Neil M, York WS, Hahn MG (2010) A comprehensive toolkit of plant cell wall glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. Plant Physiol 153:514–525
Pattathil S, Avci U, Miller JS, Hahn MG (2012) Immunological approaches to plant cell wall and biomass characterization: Glycome Profiling. In: Himmel M (ed) Biomass conversion: methods and protocols. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, in press
Puhlmann J, Bucheli E, Swain MJ, Dunning N, Albersheim P, Darvill AG, Hahn MG (1994) Generation of monoclonal antibodies against plant cell wall polysaccharides. I. Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to a terminal α-(1  →  2)-linked fucosyl-containing epitope. Plant Physiol 104:699–710
Marcus SE, Verhertbruggen Y, Hervé C, Ordaz-Ortiz JJ, Farkas V, Pedersen HL, Willats WG, Knox JP (2008) Pectic homogalacturonan masks abundant sets of xyloglucan epitopes in plant cell walls. BMC Plant Biol 8:60
Marcus SE, Blake AW, Benians TA, Lee KJ, Poyser C, Donaldson L, Leroux O, Rogowski A, Petersen HL, Boraston A, Gilbert HJ, Willats WG, Knox JP (2010) Restricted access of proteins to mannan polysaccharides in intact plant cell walls. Plant J 64:191–203
Knox JP (2008) Revealing the structural and functional diversity of plant cell walls. Curr Opin Plant Biol 11:308–313
Blanchette RA, Abad AR, Cease KR, Lovrien RE, Leathers TD (1989) Colloidal gold cytochemistry of endo-1,4-β-glucanase, 1,4-β-d-glucan cellobiohydrolase, and endo-1,4-β-xylanase: ultrastructure of sound and decayed birch wood. Appl Environ Microbiol 55:2293–2301
Blanchette RA, Abad AR, Farrell RL, Leathers TD (1989) Detection of lignin peroxidase and xylanase by immunocytochemical labeling in wood decayed by basidiomycetes. Appl Environ Microbiol 55:1457–1465
Benhamou N (1989) Cytochemical localization of β-[1–4]-d-glucans in plant and fungal cells using an exoglucanase-gold complex. Electron Microsc Rev 2:123–138
Brorson SH, Roos N, Skjorten F (1994) Antibody penetration into LR-White sections. Micron 25:453–460
Newman GR, Hobot JA (2001) Resin microscopy and on-section immunocytochemistry, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin
Donaldson LA, Knox JP (2012) Localization of cell wall polysaccharides in normal and compression wood of Radiata pine: relationships with lignification and microfibril orientation. Plant Physiol 158:642–653
Brennan M, Harris PJ (2011) Distribution of fucosylated xyloglucans among the walls of different cell types in monocotyledons determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Mol Plant 4:144–156
Freshour G, Bonin CP, Reiter WD, Albersheim P, Darvill AG, Hahn MG (2003) Distribution of fucose-containing xyloglucans in cell walls of the mur1 mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 131:1602–1612
Acknowledgment
Research in our laboratory on immunohistochemistry of plant cell walls is supported by a grant from the NSF Plant Genome Program (IOS-0923992). Generation of the CCRC series of plant glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies used in this work was supported by the NSF Plant Genome Program (DBI-0421683).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Avci, U., Pattathil, S., Hahn, M.G. (2012). Immunological Approaches to Plant Cell Wall and Biomass Characterization: Immunolocalization of Glycan Epitopes. In: Himmel, M. (eds) Biomass Conversion. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 908. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-956-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-956-3_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-955-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-956-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols