Skip to main content

The Use of Fluorescent Proteins for Intravital Imaging of Cancer Cell Invasion

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
In Vivo Cellular Imaging Using Fluorescent Proteins

Abstract

The analysis of cancer cell behavior in the primary tumor in living animals provides an opportunity to explore the process of invasion and intravasation in the complex microenvironment that is present in vivo. In this chapter, we describe the methods that we have developed for performing intravital imaging of mammary tumors. We provide procedures for generating tumors through injection of tumor cell lines, and multiphoton imaging using a skin-flap tumor dissection and a mammary imaging window.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chambers, A.F., Groom, A.C., MacDonald, I.C. (2002) Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites.Nat Rev Cancer.2, 563–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tuettenberg, J., Grobholz, R., Seiz, M., et al. (2009) Recurrence pattern in glioblastoma multiforme patients treated with anti-angiogenic chemotherapy.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 135, 1239–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Arons, M.S., Smith, R.R. (1961) Distant metastases and local recurrence in head and neck cancer.Annals of Surgery. 154, 235–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Condeelis, J., Pollard, J.W. (2006) Macrophages: obligate partners for tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.Cell. 124, 263–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Queen, M.M., Ryan, R.E., Holzer, R.G., Keller-Peck, C.R., Jorcyk, C.L. (2005) Breast cancer cells stimulate neutrophils to produce oncostatin M: potential implications for tumor progression.Cancer Res. 65, 8896–904.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Orimo, A., Gupta, P.B., Sgroi, D.C., et al. (2005) Stromal fibroblasts present in invasive human breast carcinomas promote tumor growth and angiogenesis through elevated SDF-1/CXCL12 secretion.Cell. 121, 335–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gaggioli, C., Hooper, S., Hidalgo-Carcedo, C., et al. (2007) Fibroblast-led collective invasion of carcinoma cells with differing roles for RhoGTPases in leading and following cells.Nature Cell Biol. 9, 1392–400.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Karnoub, A.E., Dash, A.B., Vo, A.P., et al. (2007) Mesenchymal stem cells within tumour stroma promote breast cancer metastasis.Nature. 449, 557–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wang, W., Wyckoff, J.B., Frohlich, V.C., et al. (2002) Single cell behavior in metastatic primary mammary tumors correlated with gene expression patterns revealed by molecular profiling.Cancer Res. 62, 6278–88.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Provenzano, P.P., Eliceiri, K.W., Campbell, J.M., Inman, D.R., White, J.G., Keely, P.J. (2006) Collagen reorganization at the tumor-stromal interface facilitates local invasion.BMC Medicine. 4, 38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Levental, K.R., Yu, H., Kass, L., et al. (2009) Matrix crosslinking forces tumor progression by enhancing integrin signaling.Cell. 139, 891–906.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pepper, M.S., Tille, J.C., Nisato, R., Skobe, M. (2003) Lymphangiogenesis and tumor metastasis.Cell Tissue Res. 314, 167–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Alexander, S., Koehl, G.E., Hirschberg, M., Geissler, E.K., Friedl, P. (2008) Dynamic imaging of cancer growth and invasion: a modified skin-fold chamber model.Histochem Cell Biol. 130, 1147–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Dvorak, H.F. (2003) Rous-Whipple Award Lecture. How tumors make bad blood vessels and stroma.Am J Pathol. 162, 1747–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hashizume, H., Baluk, P., Morikawa, S., et al. (2000) Openings between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness.Am J Pathol. 156, 1363–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hoffman, R.M. (2005) Orthotopic metastatic (MetaMouse) models for discovery and development of novel chemotherapy.Methods in Molecular Medicine. 111, 297–322.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Lohela, M., Werb, Z. (2009) Intravital imaging of stromal cell dynamics in tumors.Curr Opin Genet Dev. 20, 72–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Frese, K.K., Tuveson, D.A. (2007) Maximizing mouse cancer models.Nat Rev Cancer 7, 645–58.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Wyckoff, J.B., Wang, Y., Lin, E.Y., et al. (2007) Direct visualization of macrophage-assisted tumor cell intravasation in mammary tumors.Cancer Res. 67, 2649–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hillen, F., Kaijzel, E.L., Castermans, K., oude Egbrink, M.G., Lowik, C.W., Griffioen, A.W. (2008) A transgenic Tie2-GFP athymic mouse model; a tool for vascular biology in xenograft tumors.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.368, 364–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Yang, M., Reynoso, J., Jiang, P., Li, L., Moossa, A.R., and Hoffman, R.M. (2004) Transgenic nude mouse with ubiquitous green fluorescent protein expression as a host for human tumors.Cancer Res.64, 8651–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yang, M., Reynoso, J., Bouvet, M., and Hoffman, R.M. (2009) A transgenic red fluorescent protein-expressing nude mouse for color-coded imaging of the tumor microenvironment.J. Cell. Biochem.106, 279–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Tran Cao, H.S., Reynoso, J., Yang M., Kimura, H., Kaushal, S., Snyder, C.S., Hoffman, R.M., and Bouvet M. (2009) Development of the transgenic cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-expressing nude mouse for “Technicolor” cancer imaging.J. Cell. Biochem.107, 328–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Centonze, V.E., White, J.G. (1998) Multiphoton excitation provides optical sections from deeper within scattering specimens than confocal ­imaging.Biophys J.75, 2015–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Brown, E., McKee, T., diTomaso, E., et al. (2003) Dynamic imaging of collagen and its modulation in tumors in vivo using ­second-harmonic generation.Nature Med. 9, 796–800.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wyckoff, J., Gligorijevic, B., Entenberg, J., Segall, J.E., Condeelis, J. (2010) “High-Resolution Multiphoton Imaging of Tumors in Vivo”,Live Cell Imaging: A Laboratory Manual.2nd Edition ed, CSHL Press.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kedrin, D., Gligorijevic, B., Wyckoff, J., et al. (2008) Intravital imaging of metastatic behavior through a mammary imaging window.Nature Methods. 5, 1019–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gligorijevic, B., Kedrin, D., Segall, J.E., Condeelis, J., van Rheenen, J. (2009) Dendra2 photoswitching through the Mammary Imaging Window.J Vis Exp.(http://www.jove.com/index/Details.stp?ID=1278).

  29. Yang, M., Baranov, E., Wang, J-W., et al. (2002) Direct external imaging of nascent cancer, tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis on internal organs in the fluorescent orthotopic model.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA99, 3824–3829.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The work described herein was supported by CA100324, CA113395, and CA126511 (B.G., D.E., J.W., and J.C.) and CA100324 and CA77522 (J.H., D.K., and J.E.S.).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeffrey E. Segall .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Hulit, J. et al. (2012). The Use of Fluorescent Proteins for Intravital Imaging of Cancer Cell Invasion. In: Hoffman, R. (eds) In Vivo Cellular Imaging Using Fluorescent Proteins. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 872. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-797-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-797-2_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-796-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-797-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics