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Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries II pp 321–330Cite as

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Grading in Animal Models

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Abstract

Several clinical grading systems of aneurysmal subarachnoid exist and play a critical role in predicting outcome and grouping patients according to degree of injury to evaluate the efficacy of both surgical and medical interventions. Only one grading system is published for experimental aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and has yet to be widely adopted. Without the ability to quantify the degree of injury in experimental groups, it is impossible to know the effects of intervention. The quantification of subarachnoid blood in experimental models will be most useful for the endovascular perforation model, which has been criticized for the lack of control over bleeding. This chapter outlines the simple and objective SAH grading system previously published by our group. This grading system was validated in Sprague Dawley rats, but has the potential to be adapted to other aneurysmal SAH models.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA

    Robert Ayer & John H. Zhang

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Takashi Sugawara

Authors
  1. Robert Ayer
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  2. Takashi Sugawara
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  3. John H. Zhang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to John H. Zhang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Terrace St. 3500, Pittsburgh, 15213, Pennsylvania, USA

    Jun Chen

  2. School of Medicine, Stark Neurosciences Res. Inst., Indiana University, W. Walnut St. 950, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana, USA

    Xiao-Ming Xu

  3. School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University, Barnhill Dr. 635, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana, USA

    Zao C. Xu

  4. School of Medicine, Dept. Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Anderson St. 11234, Loma Linda, 92354, California, USA

    John H. Zhang

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Ayer, R., Sugawara, T., Zhang, J.H. (2012). Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Grading in Animal Models. In: Chen, J., Xu, XM., Xu, Z., Zhang, J. (eds) Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries II. Springer Protocols Handbooks. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-576-3_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-576-3_21

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-575-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-576-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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