Next-Generation Oncolytic Vaccinia Vectors

Abstract

Oncolytic vaccinia viruses have made some impressive advances over the last 5 years, with a range of ­different backbones displaying significant antitumor responses in preclinical models, and some exciting clinical results being reported against liver cancers. Because the virus is capable of rapid spread within the tumor, has evolved to spread relatively undetected within the blood stream, does not integrate into the host cell chromosome, and can infect almost any cell type, it is well-suited to the requirements for a successful oncolytic. In addition, the extensive clinical use of this virus means that contraindications to its use are known, and approved and experimental antivirals are available. Furthermore, because the virus has a large array of virulence genes whose deletion may target different properties of the cancer cell, and a large cloning capacity allowing for insertion of multiple transgenes, the possibilities for further development of novel and next-generation oncolytic vectors are multitude.