Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder presenting with parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic failure in various combinations. The main pathological hallmark is the formation of (oligo-) glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) composed of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates (also called Papp–Lantos bodies). In the past decades, increasing insights into disease pathophysiology led to a variety of animal models as testbeds for interrentional therapies.
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Kuzdas, D., Wenning, G.K. (2011). Combination Lesion Models of MSA. In: Lane, E., Dunnett, S. (eds) Animal Models of Movement Disorders. Neuromethods, vol 62. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-301-1_3
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