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Optical Approaches to Studying the Basal Ganglia

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Animal Models of Movement Disorders

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 61))

Abstract

Altered synaptic integration is a major factor for many neurological disorders involving the basal ganglia, including Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Despite the fact that most synaptic integration occurs within dendrites, nearly all we know about the physiology of basal ganglia neurons comes from somatic measurements. This is particularly true of neurons in the striatum, the major input nucleus of the basal ganglia. Principal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the striatum have fine caliber dendrites that are inaccessible using traditional patch-clamp electrodes. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) and two-photon laser uncaging (2PLU) offer alternative strategies for studying synaptic integration in basal ganglia neurons, like SPNs. These methods also allow subcellular organelles like mitochondria to be monitored in physiologically meaningful settings. Combining these approaches with electrophysiological and optogenetic methodologies builds a powerful arsenal of investigational tools. This chapter describes how optical methodologies are being applied to the study of the basal ganglia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Robert H. Lurie Medical Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Joshua L. Plotkin, Jaime N. Guzman, Nicholas Schwarz, Geraldine Kress, David L. Wokosin & D. James Surmeier

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  1. Joshua L. Plotkin
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  2. Jaime N. Guzman
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  3. Nicholas Schwarz
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  4. Geraldine Kress
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  5. David L. Wokosin
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  6. D. James Surmeier
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Correspondence to D. James Surmeier .

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  1. , Welsh School of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom

    Emma L. Lane

  2. School of Biosciences, Brain Repair Group, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom

    Stephen B. Dunnett

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Plotkin, J.L., Guzman, J.N., Schwarz, N., Kress, G., Wokosin, D.L., Surmeier, D.J. (2011). Optical Approaches to Studying the Basal Ganglia. In: Lane, E., Dunnett, S. (eds) Animal Models of Movement Disorders. Neuromethods, vol 61. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-298-4_10

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