Skip to main content

CAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression): A Protocol for the Detection of Promoter and Transcriptional Networks

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 786))

Abstract

We provide here a protocol for the preparation of cap-analysis gene expression (CAGE) libraries, which allows for measuring the expression of eukaryotic capped RNAs and simultaneously map the promoter regions. The presented protocol simplifies the previously published ones and moreover produces tags that are 27 nucleotides long, which facilitates mapping to the genome. The protocol takes less than 5 days to complete and presents a notable improvement compared to previously published versions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Suzuki, H., Forrest, A. R. R., van Nimwegen, E., Daub, C. O., Balwierz, P. J., Irvine, K. M., Lassmann, T., Ravasi, T., Hasegawa, Y., de Hoon, M. J. L., Katayama, S., Schroder, K., Carninci, P., Tomaru, Y., Kanamori-Katayama, M., Kubosaki, A., Akalin, A., Ando, Y., Arner, E., Asada, M., Asahara, H., Bailey, T., Bajic, V. B., Bauer, D., Beckhouse, A. G., Bertin, N., Bjorkegren, J., Brombacher, F., Bulger, E., Chalk, A. M., Chiba, J., Cloonan, N., Dawe, A., Dostie, J., Engstrom, P. G., Essack, M., Faulkner, G. J., Fink, J. L., Fredman, D., Fujimori, K., Furuno, M., Gojobori, T., Gough, J., Grimmond, S. M., Gustafsson, M., Hashimoto, M., Hashimoto, T., Hatakeyama, M., Heinzel, S., Hide, W., Hofmann, O., Hornquist, M., Huminiecki, L., Ikeo, K., Imamoto, N., Inoue, S., Inoue, Y., Ishihara, R., Iwayanagi, T., Jacobsen, A., Kaur, M., Kawaji, H., Kerr, M. C., Kimura, R., Kimura, S., Kimura, Y., Kitano, H., Koga, H., Kojima, T., Kondo, S., Konno, T., Krogh, A., Kruger, A., Kumar, A., Lenhard, B., Lennartsson, A., Lindow, M., Lizio, M., MacPherson, C., Maeda, N., Maher, C. A., Maqungo, M., Mar, J., Matigian, N. A., Matsuda, H., Mattick, J. S., Meier, S., Miyamoto, S., Miyamoto-Sato, E., Nakabayashi, K., Nakachi, Y., Nakano, M., Nygaard, S., Okayama, T., Okazaki, Y., Okuda-Yabukami, H., Orlando, V., Otomo, J., Pachkov, M., Petrovsky, N., Plessy, C., Quackenbush, J., Radovanovic, A., Rehli, M., Saito, R., Sandelin, A., Schmeier, S., Schonbach, C., Schwartz, A. S., Semple, C. A., Sera, M., Severin, J., Shirahige, K., Simons, C., Laurent, G. S., Suzuki, M., Suzuki, T., Sweet, M. J., Taft, R. J., Takeda, S., Takenaka, Y., Tan, K., Taylor, M. S., Teasdale, R. D., Tegner, J., Teichmann, S., Valen, E., Wahlestedt, C., Waki, K., Waterhouse, A., AWells, C., Winther, O., Wu, L., Yamaguchi, K., Yanagawa, H., Yasuda, J., Zavolan, M., Hume, D. A., Arakawa, T., Fukuda, S., Imamura, K., Kai, C., Kaiho, A., Kawashima, T., Kawazu, C., Kitazume, Y., Kojima, M., Miura, H., Murakami, K., Murata, M., Ninomiya, N., Nishiyori, H., Noma, S., Ogawa, C., Sano, T., Simon, C., Tagami, M., Takahashi, Y., Kawai, J., Hayashizaki, Y., Consortium, F., and Ctr, R. O. S. (2009) The transcriptional network that controls growth arrest and differentiation in a human myeloid leukemia cell line. Nature Genetics 41, 553–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Carninci, P., Sandelin, A., Lenhard, B., Katayama, S., Shimokawa, K., Ponjavic, J., Semple, C. A., Taylor, M. S., Engstrom, P. G., Frith, M. C., Forrest, A. R., Alkema, W. B., Tan, S. L., Plessy, C., Kodzius, R., Ravasi, T., Kasukawa, T., Fukuda, S., Kanamori-Katayama, M., Kitazume, Y., Kawaji, H., Kai, C., Nakamura, M., Konno, H., Nakano, K., Mottagui-Tabar, S., Arner, P., Chesi, A., Gustincich, S., Persichetti, F., Suzuki, H., Grimmond, S. M., Wells, C. A., Orlando, V., Wahlestedt, C., Liu, E. T., Harbers, M., Kawai, J., Bajic, V. B., Hume, D. A., and Hayashizaki, Y. (2006) Genome-wide analysis of mammalian promoter architecture and evolution. Nature Genetics 38, 626–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Faulkner, G. J., Kimura, Y., Daub, C. O., Wani, S., Plessy, C., Irvine, K. M., Schroder, K., Cloonan, N., Steptoe, A. L., Lassmann, T., Waki, K., Hornig, N., Arakawa, T., Takahashi, H., Kawai, J., Forrest, A. R. R., Suzuki, H., Hayashizaki, Y., Hume, D. A., Orlando, V., Grimmond, S. M., and Carninci, P. (2009) The regulated retrotransposon transcriptome of mammalian cells. Nature Genetics 41, 563–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Carninci, P. (2010) Cap-analysis gene expression (CAGE): the science of decoding gene transcription, Pan Stanford, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Carninci, P., Kvam, C., Kitamura, A., Ohsumi, T., Okazaki, Y., Itoh, M., Kamiya, M., Shibata, K., Sasaki, N., Izawa, M., Muramatsu, M., Hayashizaki, Y., and Schneider, C. (1996) High-efficiency full-length cDNA cloning by biotinylated CAP trapper. Genomics 37, 327–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Carninci, P., Kasukawa, T., Katayama, S., Gough, J., Frith, M. C., Maeda, N., Oyama, R., Ravasi, T., Lenhard, B., Wells, C., Kodzius, R., Shimokawa, K., Bajic, V. B., Brenner, S. E., Batalov, S., Forrest, A. R. R., Zavolan, M., Davis, M. J., Wilming, L. G., Aidinis, V., Allen, J. E., Ambesi-Impiombato, X., Apweiler, R., Aturaliya, R. N., Bailey, T. L., Bansal, M., Baxter, L., Beisel, K. W., Bersano, T., Bono, H., Chalk, A. M., Chiu, K. P., Choudhary, V., Christoffels, A., Clutterbuck, D. R., Crowe, M. L., Dalla, E., Dalrymple, B. P., de Bono, B., Della Gatta, G., di Bernardo, D., Down, T., Engstrom, P., Fagiolini, M., Faulkner, G., Fletcher, C. F., Fukushima, T., Furuno, M., Futaki, S., Gariboldi, M., Georgii-Hemming, P., Gingeras, T. R., Gojobori, T., Green, R. E., Gustincich, S., Harbers, M., Hayashi, Y., Hensch, T. K., Hirokawa, N., Hill, D., Huminiecki, L., Iacono, M., Ikeo, K., Iwama, A., Ishikawa, T., Jakt, M., Kanapin, A., Katoh, M., Kawasawa, Y., Kelso, J., Kitamura, H., Kitano, H., Kollias, G., Krishnan, S. P. T., Kruger, A., Kummerfeld, S. K., Kurochkin, I. V., Lareau, L. F., Lazarevic, D., Lipovich, L., Liu, J., Liuni, S., McWilliam, S., Babu, M. M., Madera, M., Marchionni, L., Matsuda, H., Matsuzawa, S., Miki, H., Mignone, F., Miyake, S., Morris, K., Mottagui-Tabar, S., Mulder, N., Nakano, N., Nakauchi, H., Ng, P., Nilsson, R., Nishiguchi, S., Nishikawa, S., Nori, F., Ohara, O., Okazaki, Y., Orlando, V., Pang, K. C., Pavan, W. J., Pavesi, G., Pesole, G., Petrovsky, N., Piazza, S., Reed, J., Reid, J. F., Ring, B. Z., Ringwald, M., Rost, B., Ruan, Y., Salzberg, S. L., Sandelin, A., Schneider, C., Schonbach, C., Sekiguchi, K., Semple, C. A. M., Seno, S., Sessa, L., Sheng, Y., Shibata, Y., Shimada, H., Shimada, K., Silva, D., Sinclair, B., Sperling, S., Stupka, E., Sugiura, K., Sultana, R., Takenaka, Y., Taki, K., Tammoja, K., Tan, S. L., Tang, S., Taylor, M. S., Tegner, J., Teichmann, S. A., Ueda, H. R., van Nimwegen, E., Verardo, R., Wei, C. L., Yagi, K., Yamanishi, H., Zabarovsky, E., Zhu, S., Zimmer, A., Hide, W., Bult, C., Grimmond, S. M., Teasdale, R. D., Liu, E. T., Brusic, V., Quackenbush, J., Wahlestedt, C., Mattick, J. S., Hume, D. A., Kai, C., Sasaki, D., Tomaru, Y., Fukuda, S., Kanamori-Katayama, M., Suzuki, M., Aoki, J., Arakawa, T., Iida, J., Imamura, K., Itoh, M., Kato, T., Kawaji, H., Kawagashira, N., Kawashima, T., Kojima, M., Kondo, S., Konno, H., Nakano, K., Ninomiya, N., Nishio, T., Okada, M., Plessy, C., Shibata, K., Shiraki, T., Suzuki, S., Tagami, M., Waki, K., Watahiki, A., Okamura-Oho, Y., Suzuki, H., Kawai, J., Hayashizaki, Y., Consortium, F., and S, R. G. E. R. G. (2005) The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. Science 309, 1559–63.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Carninci, P., Shiraki, T., Mizuno, Y., Muramatsu, M., and Hayashizaki, Y. (2002) Extra-long first-strand cDNA synthesis. Biotechniques 32, 984–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Shibata, Y., Carninci, P., Watahiki, A., Shiraki, T., Konno, H., Muramatsu, M., and Hayashizaki, Y. (2001) Cloning full-length, cap-trapper-selected cDNAs by using the single-strand linker ligation method. Biotechniques 30, 1250–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Maeda, N., Nishiyori, H., Nakamura, M., Kawazu, C., Murata, M., Sano, H., Hayashida, K., Fukuda, S., Tagami, M., Hasegawa, A., Murakami, K., Schroder, K., Irvine, K., Hume, D., Hayashizaki, Y., Carninci, P., and Suzuki, H. (2008) Development of a DNA barcode tagging method for monitoring dynamic changes in gene expression by using an ultra high-throughput sequencer. Biotechniques 45, 95–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was founded by a Research Grant for RIKEN Omics Science Center from MEXT and by the National Human Genome Research Institute grants U54 HG004557. We thank all the ­colleagues at the OSC for the precious feedbacks during the development of the methodology.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Piero Carninci .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Takahashi, H., Kato, S., Murata, M., Carninci, P. (2012). CAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression): A Protocol for the Detection of Promoter and Transcriptional Networks. In: Deplancke, B., Gheldof, N. (eds) Gene Regulatory Networks. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 786. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-292-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-292-2_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-291-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-292-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics