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Substrate Analysis of Arabidopsis PP2C-Type Protein Phosphatases

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Plant Kinases

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 779))

Abstract

Protein phosphorylation by protein kinases can be reversed by the action of protein phosphatases. In plants, the Ser/Thr-specific phosphatases dominate among the protein phosphatase families with the type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) being the most abundant among them. PP2Cs are monomeric enzymes that require metal cations for their activity and are insensitive to known phosphatase inhibitors. PP2Cs were shown to counteract the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase/MAPK) activities in plants and to regulate developmental and stress signaling pathways. Studies of PP2C activities can be performed in vitro using recombinant proteins. The potential substrates of PP2Cs can be tested for dephosphorylation by the phosphatase in vitro. We have found that the stress-induced PP2Cs from alfalfa and Arabidopsis interact with stress-activated MAPKs in yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screens. Consequently, recombinant MAPKs were employed as substrates for dephosphorylation by selected PP2Cs from different family clusters. The members of the PP2C phosphatase family demonstrated specificity toward the substrate already in vitro, supporting the notion that protein phosphatases are specific enzymes. The PP2C from Arabidopsis thaliana cluster B, Arabidopsis PP2C-type phosphatase (AP2C1), and its homolog from Medicago sativa, Medicago PP2C-type phosphatase (MP2C), were able to dephosphorylate and inactivate MAPKs, whereas the ABSCISIC ACID (ABA)-INSENSITIVE 2 (ABI2) and HOMOLOGY TO ABI1 (HAB1) PP2Cs from the distinct Arabidopsis cluster A were not able to do so. The method described here can be used for the determination of PP2C protein activity and for studying the effect of mutations introduced into their catalytic domains.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Haruo Saito, for providing us with the information on the method of yeast PP2C activity measurement. Our research is supported by grants from the Austrian Science Fund FWF (I255 L687), the Lithuanian Science Council, European Union COST action (FA0605), University of Vienna PhD Fellowship for J.U. and Marie Curie PostDoc Fellowship for A.S.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria

    Julija Umbrasaite & Irute Meskiene

  2. Signaling Proteomics, Department of System Regulation, Max-Planck-Institute für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPIMP), Golm, Germany

    Alois Schweighofer

  3. Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Irute Meskiene

Authors
  1. Julija Umbrasaite
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  2. Alois Schweighofer
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  3. Irute Meskiene
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Correspondence to Irute Meskiene .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany

    Nico Dissmeyer

  2. rue du Général Zimmer 12, Strasbourg, F-67000, France

    Arp Schnittger

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Umbrasaite, J., Schweighofer, A., Meskiene, I. (2011). Substrate Analysis of Arabidopsis PP2C-Type Protein Phosphatases. In: Dissmeyer, N., Schnittger, A. (eds) Plant Kinases. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 779. Humana, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-264-9_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-264-9_8

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-263-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-264-9

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