Abstract
It is likely that adult epithelial stem cells will be useful in the treatment of diseases, such as ectodermal dysplasias, monilethrix, Netherton syndrome, Menkes disease, hereditary epidermolysis bullosa, and alopecias. Additionally, other skin problems such as burn wounds, chronic wounds, and ulcers will benefit from stem cell-related therapies. However, there are many questions that need to be answered before this goal can be realized. The most important of these questions is what regulates the adhesion of stem cells to the niche versus migration to the site of injury. We have started to identify the mechanisms involved in this decision-making process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ohyama, M., and Vogel, J.C. (2003) Gene delivery to the hair follicle J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 8, 204–6.
Sugiyama-Nakagiri, Y., Akiyama, M., and Shimizu, H. (2006) Hair follicle stem cell-targeted gene transfer and reconstitution system Gene Ther 13, 732–7.
Stenn, K.S., and Cotsarelis, G. (2005) Bioengineering the hair follicle: fringe benefits of stem cell technology Curr Opin Biotechnol 16, 493–7.
Hoeller, D., et al. (2001) An improved and rapid method to construct skin equivalents from human hair follicles and fibroblasts Exp Dermatol 10, 264–71.
Navsaria, H.A., Ojeh, N.O., Moiemen, N., Griffiths, M.A., and Frame, J.D. (2004) Reepithelialization of a full-thickness burn from stem cells of hair follicles micrografted into a tissue-engineered dermal template (Integra) Plast Reconstr Surg 113, 978–81.
Potten, C.S. (1975) Epidermal cell production rates J Invest Dermatol 65, 488–500.
Potten, C.S. (1975) Epidermal transit times Br J Dermatol 93, 649–58.
Tiede, S., et al. (2007) Hair follicle stem cells: walking the maze Eur J Cell Biol 86, 355–76.
Kaur, P. (2006) Interfollicular epidermal stem cells: identification, challenges, potential J Invest Dermatol 126, 1450–8.
Bieniek, R., Lazar, A.J., Photopoulos, C., and Lyle, S. (2007) Sebaceous tumours contain a subpopulation of cells expressing the keratin 15 stem cell marker Br J Dermatol 156, 378–80.
Akiyama, M., Dale, B.A., Sun, T.T., and Holbrook, K.A. (1995) Characterization of hair follicle bulge in human fetal skin: the human fetal bulge is a pool of undifferentiated keratinocytes J Invest Dermatol 105, 844–50.
Kobayashi, K., Rochat, A., and Barrandon, Y (1993) Segregation of keratinocyte colony-forming cells in the bulge of the rat vibrissa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 7391–7395.
Cotsarelis, G., Sun, T.T., and Lavker, R.M. (1990) Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis Cell 61, 1329–37.
Wilson, C., et al. (1994) Cells within the bulge region of mouse hair follicle transiently proliferate during early anagen: heterogeneity and functional differences of various hair cycles Differentiation 55, 127–36.
Bickenbach, J.R., and Mackenzie, I.C (1984) Identification and localization of label-Âretaining cells in hamster epithelia. J Invest Dermatol 82, 618–22.
Braun, K.M., et al. (2003) Manipulation of stem cell proliferation and lineage commitment: visualisation of label-retaining cells in wholemounts of mouse epidermis Development 130, 5241–55.
Tumbar, T., et al. (2004) Defining the epithelial stem cell niche in skin Science 303, 359–63.
Lavker, R.M., and Sun, T.T. (1982) Heterogeneity in epidermal basal keratinocytes: morphological and functional correlations Science 215, 1239–41.
Cotsarelis, G., Cheng, S.Z., Dong, G., Sun, T.T., and Lavker, R.M. (1989) Existence of slow-cycling limbal epithelial basal cells that can be preferentially stimulated to proliferate: implications on epithelial stem cells Cell 57, 201–9.
Moll, I. (1995) Proliferative potential of different keratinocytes of plucked human hair follicles J Invest Dermatol 105, 14–21.
Schneider, M.R., Schmidt-Ullrich, R., and Paus, R. (2009) The hair follicle as a dynamic miniorgan Curr Biol 19, R132–42.
Allen, T.D., and Potten, C.S. (1974) Fine-structural identification and organization of the epidermal proliferative unit J Cell Sci 15, 291–319.
Potten, C.S., and Allen, T.D. (1976) A model implicating the Langerhans cell in keratinocyte proliferation control Differentiation 5, 43–7.
Roh, C., Tao, Q., Photopoulos, C., and Lyle, S. (2005) In vitro differences between keratinocyte stem cells and transit-amplifying cells of the human hair follicle J Invest Dermatol 125, 1099–105.
Taylor, G., Lehrer, M.S., Jensen, P.J., Sun, T.T., and Lavker, R.M. (2000) Involvement of follicular stem cells in forming not only the follicle but also the epidermis Cell 102, 451–61.
Tomic-Canic, M., Komine, M., Freedberg, I.M., and Blumenberg, M. (1998) Epidermal signal transduction and transcription factor activation in activated keratinocytes J Dermatol Sci 17, 167–81.
Rizvi, A.Z., and Wong, M.H. (2005) Epithelial stem cells and their niche: there’s no place like home Stem Cells 23, 150–65.
Watt, F.M., Lo Celso, C., and Silva-Vargas, V. (2006) Epidermal stem cells: an update Curr Opin Genet Dev 16, 518–24.
Owens, D.M., and Watt, F.M. (2003) Contribution of stem cells and differentiated cells to epidermal tumours Nat Rev Cancer 3, 444–51.
Blanpain, C., and Fuchs, E. (2009) Epidermal homeostasis: a balancing act of stem cells in the skin Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10, 207–17.
Singer, A.J., and Clark, R.A. (1999) Cutaneous wound healing N Engl J Med 341, 738–46.
Cavani, A., et al. (1993) Distinctive integrin expression in the newly forming epidermis during wound healing in humans J Invest Dermatol 101, 600–4.
Haapasalmi, K., et al. (1996) Keratinocytes in human wounds express alpha v beta 6 integrin J Invest Dermatol 106, 42–8.
Werner, S., et al. (1994) The function of KGF in morphogenesis of epithelium and reepithelialization of wounds Science 266, 819–22.
Zambruno, G., et al. (1995) Transforming growth factor-beta 1 modulates beta 1 and beta 5 integrin receptors and induces the de novo expression of the alpha v beta 6 heterodimer in normal human keratinocytes: implications for wound healing J Cell Biol 129, 853–65.
Nanney, L.B., Sundberg, J.P,. and King, L.E. (1996) Increased epidermal growth factor receptor in fsn/fsn mice J Invest Dermatol 106, 1169–74.
Etienne-Manneville, S., and Hall, A. (2002) Rho GTPases in cell biology Nature 420, 629–35.
Alberts, A.S., and Treisman, R. (1998) Activation of RhoA and SAPK/JNK signalling pathways by the RhoA-specific exchange factor mNET1 EMBO J 17, 4075–85.
Wu, B.P., Tao, Q., and Lyle, S. (2005) Autofluorescence in the Stem Cell Region of the Hair Follicle Bulge J Investig Dermatol 124, 860–2.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Draheim, K.M., Lyle, S. (2011). Epithelial Stem Cells. In: Filippi, MD., Geiger, H. (eds) Stem Cell Migration. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 750. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-145-1_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-145-1_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-144-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-145-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols