Skip to main content

RIP: An mRNA Localization Technique

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 714))

Abstract

A detailed understanding of post-transcriptional gene expression is necessary to correlate the different elements involved in the many levels of RNA–protein interactions that are needed to coordinate the cellular biomolecular machinery. The profile of mRNA, a major component of this machinery, can be examined after isolation from specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RIP-Chip or ribonomic profiling is a versatilein vivo technique that has been widely used to study post-transcriptional gene regulation and the localization of mRNA. Here we elaborately detail the methodology for mRNA isolation using RBP immunoprecipitation (RIP) as a primary approach. Specific antibodies are used to target RBPs, which are then used to capture the associated mRNA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Futcher, B., Latter, G. I., Monardo, P., McLaughlin, C. S., and Garrels, J. I. (1999) A sampling of the yeast proteome. Mol Cell Biol. 19, 7357–7368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gygi, S. P., Rochon, Y., Franza, B. R., and Aebersold, R. (1999) Correlation between protein and mRNA abundance in yeast. Mol Cell Biol. 19, 1720–1730.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Tenenbaum, S. A., Carson, C. C., Lager, P. J., and Keene, J. D. (2000) Identifying mRNA subsets in messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes by using cDNA arrays. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97, 14085–14090.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Perou, C. M., Jeffrey, S. S., van de Rijn, M., Rees, C. A., Eisen, M. B., Ross, D. T., Pergamenschikov, A., Williams, C. F., Zhu, S. X., Lee, J. C., Lashkari, D., Shalon, D., Brown, P. O., and Botstein, D. (1999) Distinctive gene expression patterns in human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 96, 9212–9217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Townley-Tilson, W. H., Pendergrass, S. A., Marzluff, W. F., and Whitfield, M. L. (2006) Genome-wide analysis of mRNAs bound to the histone stem-loop binding protein. RNA. 12, 1853–1867.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sanchez-Diaz, P., and Penalva, L. O. (2006) Post-transcription meets post-genomic: the saga of RNA binding proteins in a new era. RNA Biol. 3, 101–109.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lockhart, D. J., and Winzeler, E. A. (2000) Genomics, gene expression and DNA arrays. Nature. 405, 827–836.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mata, J., Marguerat, S., and Bahler, J. (2005) Post-transcriptional control of gene expression: a genome-wide perspective. Trends Biochem Sci. 30, 506–514.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Tenenbaum, S. A., Lager, P. J., Carson, C. C., and Keene, J. D. (2002) Ribonomics: identifying mRNA subsets in mRNP complexes using antibodies to RNA-binding proteins and genomic arrays. Methods. 26, 191–198.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Keene, J. D., Komisarow, J. M., and Friedersdorf, M. B. (2006) RIP-Chip: the isolation and identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and protein components of ribonucleoprotein complexes from cell extracts. Nat Protoc. 1, 302–307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Brown, V., Jin, P., Ceman, S., Darnell, J. C., O’Donnell, W. T., Tenenbaum, S. A., Jin, X., Feng, Y., Wilkinson, K. D., Keene, J. D., Darnell, R. B., and Warren, S. T. (2001) Microarray identification of FMRP-associated brain mRNAs and altered mRNA translational profiles in fragile X syndrome. Cell. 107, 477–487.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Darnell, J. C., Jensen, K. B., Jin, P., Brown, V., Warren, S. T., and Darnell, R. B. (2001) Fragile X mental retardation protein targets G quartet mRNAs important for neuronal function. Cell. 107, 489–499.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang, W. X., Wilfred, B. R., Hu, Y., Stromberg, A. J., and Nelson, P. T. (2010) Anti-Argonaute RIP-Chip shows that miRNA transfections alter global patterns of mRNA recruitment to microribonucleoprotein complexes. RNA. 16, 394–404.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gerber, A. P., Herschlag, D., and Brown, P. O. (2004) Extensive Association of Functionally and Cytotopically Related mRNAs with Puf Family RNA-Binding Proteins in Yeast. PLoS Biol. 2, E79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lopez de Silanes, I., Zhan, M., Lal, A., Yang, X., and Gorospe, M. (2004) Identification of a target RNA motif for RNA-binding protein HuR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101, 2987–2992.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Mazan-Mamczarz, K., Hagner, P. R., Corl, S., Srikantan, S., Wood, W. H., Becker, K. G., Gorospe, M., Keene, J. D., Levenson, A. S., and Gartenhaus, R. B. (2008) Post-transcriptional gene regulation by HuR promotes a more tumorigenic phenotype. Oncogene. 27, 6151–6163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Baroni, T. E., Chittur, S. V., George, A. D., and Tenenbaum, S. A. (2008) Advances in RIP-chip analysis : RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation-microarray profiling. Methods Mol Biol. 419, 93–108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gyorffy, B., Molnar, B., Lage, H., Szallasi, Z., and Eklund, A. C. (2009) Evaluation of microarray preprocessing algorithms based on concordance with RT-PCR in clinical samples. PLoS One. 4, e5645.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Seo, J., and Hoffman, E. P. (2006) Probe set algorithms: is there a rational best bet?. BMC Bioinformatics. 7, 395.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Benjamini, Y., and Hochberg, Y. (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. 57, 289–300.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Birney, E., Stamatoyannopoulos, J. A., Dutta, A., Guigo, R., Gingeras, T. R., Margulies, E. H., Weng, Z., Snyder, M., Dermitzakis, E. T., Thurman, R. E., Kuehn, M. S., Taylor, C. M., Neph, S., Koch, C. M., Asthana, S., Malhotra, A., Adzhubei, I., Greenbaum, J. A., Andrews, R. M., Flicek, P., Boyle, P. J., Cao, H., Carter, N. P., Clelland, G. K., Davis, S., Day, N., Dhami, P., Dillon, S. C., Dorschner, M. O., Fiegler, H., Giresi, P. G., Goldy, J., Hawrylycz, M., Haydock, A., Humbert, R., James, K. D., Johnson, B. E., Johnson, E. M., Frum, T. T., Rosenzweig, E. R., Karnani, N., Lee, K., Lefebvre, G. C., Navas, P. A., Neri, F., Parker, S. C., Sabo, P. J., Sandstrom, R., Shafer, A., Vetrie, D., Weaver, M., Wilcox, S., Yu, M., Collins, F. S., Dekker, J., Lieb, J. D., Tullius, T. D., Crawford, G. E., Sunyaev, S., Noble, W. S., Dunham, I., Denoeud, F., Reymond, A., Kapranov, P., Rozowsky, J., Zheng, D., Castelo, R., Frankish, A., Harrow, J., Ghosh, S., Sandelin, A., Hofacker, I. L., Baertsch, R., Keefe, D., Dike, S., Cheng, J., Hirsch, H. A., Sekinger, E. A., Lagarde, J., Abril, J. F., Shahab, A., Flamm, C., Fried, C., Hackermuller, J., Hertel, J., Lindemeyer, M., Missal, K., Tanzer, A., Washietl, S., Korbel, J., Emanuelsson, O., Pedersen, J. S., Holroyd, N., Taylor, R., Swarbreck, D., Matthews, N., Dickson, M. C., Thomas, D. J., Weirauch, M. T., Gilbert, J., Drenkow, J., Bell, I., Zhao, X., Srinivasan, K. G., Sung, W. K., Ooi, H. S., Chiu, K. P., Foissac, S., Alioto, T., Brent, M., Pachter, L., Tress, M. L., Valencia, A., Choo, S. W., Choo, C. Y., Ucla, C., Manzano, C., Wyss, C., Cheung, E., Clark, T. G., Brown, J. B., Ganesh, M., Patel, S., Tammana, H., Chrast, J., Henrichsen, C. N., Kai, C., Kawai, J., Nagalakshmi, U., Wu, J., Lian, Z., Lian, J., Newburger, P., Zhang, X., Bickel, P., Mattick, J. S., Carninci, P., Hayashizaki, Y., Weissman, S., Hubbard, T., Myers, R. M., Rogers, J., Stadler, P. F., Lowe, T. M., Wei, C. L., Ruan, Y., Struhl, K., Gerstein, M., Antonarakis, S. E., Fu, Y., Green, E. D., Karaoz, U., Siepel, A., Taylor, J., Liefer, L. A., Wetterstrand, K. A., Good, P. J., Feingold, E. A., Guyer, M. S., Cooper, G. M., Asimenos, G., Dewey, C. N., Hou, M., Nikolaev, S., Montoya-Burgos, J. I., Loytynoja, A., Whelan, S., Pardi, F., Massingham, T., Huang, H., Zhang, N. R., Holmes, I., Mullikin, J. C., Ureta-Vidal, A., Paten, B., Seringhaus, M., Church, D., Rosenbloom, K., Kent, W. J., Stone, E. A., Batzoglou, S., Goldman, N., Hardison, R. C., Haussler, D., Miller, W., Sidow, A., Trinklein, N. D., Zhang, Z. D., Barrera, L., Stuart, R., King, D. C., Ameur, A., Enroth, S., Bieda, M. C., Kim, J., Bhinge, A. A., Jiang, N., Liu, J., Yao, F., Vega, V. B., Lee, C. W., Ng, P., Yang, A., Moqtaderi, Z., Zhu, Z., Xu, X., Squazzo, S., Oberley, M. J., Inman, D., Singer, M. A., Richmond, T. A., Munn, K. J., Rada-Iglesias, A., Wallerman, O., Komorowski, J., Fowler, J. C., Couttet, P., Bruce, A. W., Dovey, O. M., Ellis, P. D., Langford, C. F., Nix, D. A., Euskirchen, G., Hartman, S., Urban, A. E., Kraus, P., Van Calcar, S., Heintzman, N., Kim, T. H., Wang, K., Qu, C., Hon, G., Luna, R., Glass, C. K., Rosenfeld, M. G., Aldred, S. F., Cooper, S. J., Halees, A., Lin, J. M., Shulha, H. P., Xu, M., Haidar, J. N., Yu, Y., Iyer, V. R., Green, R. D., Wadelius, C., Farnham, P. J., Ren, B., Harte, R. A., Hinrichs, A. S., Trumbower, H., Clawson, H., Hillman-Jackson, J., Zweig, A. S., Smith, K., Thakkapallayil, A., Barber, G., Kuhn, R. M., Karolchik, D., Armengol, L., Bird, C. P., de Bakker, P. I., Kern, A. D., Lopez-Bigas, N., Martin, J. D., Stranger, B. E., Woodroffe, A., Davydov, E., Dimas, A., Eyras, E., Hallgrimsdottir, I. B., Huppert, J., Zody, M. C., Abecasis, G. R., Estivill, X., Bouffard, G. G., Guan, X., Hansen, N. F., Idol, J. R., Maduro, V. V., Maskeri, B., McDowell, J. C., Park, M., Thomas, P. J., Young, A. C., Blakesley, R. W., Muzny, D. M., Sodergren, E., Wheeler, D. A., Worley, K. C., Jiang, H., Weinstock, G. M., Gibbs, R. A., Graves, T., Fulton, R., Mardis, E. R., Wilson, R. K., Clamp, M., Cuff, J., Gnerre, S., Jaffe, D. B., Chang, J. L., Lindblad-Toh, K., Lander, E. S., Koriabine, M., Nefedov, M., Osoegawa, K., Yoshinaga, Y., Zhu, B., and de Jong, P. J. (2007) Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project. Nature. 447, 799–816.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kurien, B. T., and Scofield, R. H. (2006) Western blotting. Methods. 38, 283–293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lasne, F. (2001) Double-blotting: a solution to the problem of non-specific binding of secondary antibodies in immunoblotting procedures. J Immunol Methods. 253, 125–131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Macphee, D. J. (2009) Methodological considerations for improving Western blot analysis. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang, X., Zou, T., Rao, J. N., Liu, L., Xiao, L., Wang, P. Y., Cui, Y. H., Gorospe, M., and Wang, J. Y. (2009) Stabilization of XIAP mRNA through the RNA binding protein HuR regulated by cellular polyamines. Nucleic Acids Res. 37, 7623–7637.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lisbin, M. J., Qiu, J., and White, K. (2001) The neuron-specific RNA-binding protein ELAV regulates neuroglian alternative splicing in neurons and binds directly to its pre-mRNA. Genes Dev. 15, 2546–2561.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We wish to thank the members of the Tenenbaum Lab and specifically Arthur Beauregard for helpful editorial comments. This work was supported in part by NIH/NHGRI Grant 5U01HG004571 to SAT.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Scott A. Tenenbaum .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Jayaseelan, S., Doyle, F., Currenti, S., Tenenbaum, S.A. (2011). RIP: An mRNA Localization Technique. In: Gerst, J. (eds) RNA Detection and Visualization. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 714. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-005-8_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-005-8_25

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-004-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-005-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics