Abstract
The study of regulatory T cells (Treg) requires methods for both in vivo and in vitro analyses, both of which have different limitations, but which complement each other to give a more complete picture of physiological function than either method alone. Our analyses have focused on Treg-mediated suppression of CD8+ T cells, and in particular Tregs induced by viral infection. One of the unique characteristics of virus-induced Tregs is that they can suppress CD8+ T cell function in vitro without the requirement for additional stimulation. This ability correlates with their suppressive capacity and activated status in vivo. Interestingly, while virus-induced Tregs suppress CD8+ T cell function in vitro and in vivo, they do not suppress proliferation unless they are further activated in vitro.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hasenkrug, K. J. and Dittmer, U. (2007) Immune control and prevention of chronic Friend retrovirus infection. Front. Biosci. 12, 1544–1551.
Hasenkrug, K. J. and Chesebro, B. (1997) Immunity to retroviral infection: the Friend virus model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 7811–7816.
Hasenkrug, K. J., Brooks, D. M. and Dittmer, U. (1998) Critical role for CD4+ T cells in controlling retrovirus replication and spread in persistently infected mice. J. Virol. 72, 6559–6564.
Dittmer, U., He, H., Messer, R. J., et al. (2004) Functional impairment of CD8(+) T cells by regulatory T cells during persistent retroviral infection. Immunity 20, 293–303.
Hasenkrug, K. J. (1999) Lymphocyte deficiencies increase susceptibility to Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia in Fv-2 genetically resistant mice. J. Virol. 73, 6468–6473.
Iwashiro, M., Messer, R. J., Peterson, K. E., Stromnes, I. M., Sugie, T. and Hasenkrug, K. J. (2001) Immunosuppression by CD4+ regulatory T cells induced by chronic retroviral infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 9226–9230.
Sakaguchi, S., Sakaguchi, N., Asano, M., Itoh, M. and Toda, M. (1995) Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. J. Immunol. 155, 1151–1164.
Myers, L., Messer, R. J., Carmody, A. B. and Hasenkrug, K. J. (2009) Tissue-specific abundance of regulatory T cells correlates with CD8+ T cell dysfunction and chronic retrovirus loads. J. Immunol. 183, 1636–1643.
Robertson, S. J., Messer, R. J., Carmody, A. B. and Hasenkrug, K. J. (2006) In vitro suppression of CD8+ T cell function by Friend virus-induced regulatory T cells. J. Immunol. 176, 3342–3349.
Shevach, E. M. (2002) CD4+ CD25+ suppressor T cells: more questions than answers. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2, 389–400.
Von Boehmer, H. (2005) Mechanisms of suppression by suppressor T cells. Nat. Immunol. 6, 338–344.
Bettelli, E., Carrier, Y., Gao, W., et al. (2006) Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells. Nature 441, 235–238.
Zelinskyy, G., Kraft, A. R., Schimmer, S., Arndt, T. and Dittmer, U. (2006) Kinetics of CD8+ effector T cell responses and induced CD4+ regulatory T cell responses during Friend retrovirus infection. Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 2658–2670.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Division of Intramural Research of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Hasenkrug, K.J., Myers, L.M. (2011). In Vitro and In Vivo Analyses of Regulatory T Cell Suppression of CD8+ T Cells. In: Kassiotis, G., Liston, A. (eds) Regulatory T Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 707. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-979-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-979-6_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-978-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-61737-979-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols