Abstract
The use of boronate affinity chromatography for separation of nucleic acid components and carbohydrates was first reported by Weith and colleagues in 1970 (1). Since then, the specificity of boronate has been exploited for the separation of a wide variety of cis-diol-containing compounds, including catechols, nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, and enzymes (2) (see Note 1). The basic interaction for boronate chromatography is esterification between boronate ligands and cis-diols. The major structural requirement for boronate/cis-diol esterification is that the two hydroxyl groups of a diol should be on adjacent carbon atoms and in an approximately coplanar configuration, that is, a 1,2-cis-diol. Although interaction of boronate with 1,3-cis-diols and trident interactions with cis-inositol or triethanolamine can also occur, 1,2-cis-diols give the strongest boronate ester bonds (3). In aqueous solution, under basic conditions, boronate, which normally has a trigonal coplanar geometry, is hydroxylated, yielding a tetrahedral boronate anion, which can then form esters with cis-diols (Fig. 1). The resulting cyclic diester can be hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, reversing the reaction. The boronate diester bond strength has not been well studied and only a few dissociation constants for phenylboronic acid diesters have been reported. Those reported include adonitol, 2.2 × 10-3 M; dulcitol, 1.1 × 10-3 M (4); mannitol, 3.3 × 10-3 M (5); and NADH, 5.9 × 10-3 M (6). The dissociation constant of 4-(N-methyl)-carboxamido-benzeneboronic acid and D-fructose diester is 1.2 × 10-4 M (7). These dissociation constants are relatively high compared to the constants of 10-4–10-8M observed in most affinity ligand/protein interactions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Weith H. L., Wiebers J. L. and Gilham P. T. (1970) Synthesis of cellulose derivatives containing the dihydroxyboryl group and a study of their capacity to form specific complexes with sugars and nucleic acid components. Biochemistry, 9, 4396–4401.
Bergold A., and Scouten W. H. (1983) Borate chromatography, in Solid Phase Biochemistry, (Scouten W. H., ed.), Wiley, New York, pp. 149–187.
Ferrier R. J. (1978) Carbohydrate boronates. Adv. Carb. Chem. Biochem. 35, 31–80.
Evans W., McCourtney E., and Carney W. (1979) A comparative analysis of the interaction of borate ion with various polyols. Anal. Biochem. 95, 383–386.
Zittle C. (1951) Reaction of borate with substances of biological interest. Advan. Enzym. 12, 493–502.
Fulton S. (1981) Boronate Ligands in Biochemical Separations, Amicon Corp., Danvers, MA.
Soundararajan S., Badawi M., Kohlrust C. M., and Hageman J. (1989) Boronic acids for affinity chromatography: spectral methods for determinations of ionization and diol-binding constants. Anal. Biochem. 178, 125–134.
Liu X.-C. and Scouten W. H. (1994) New ligands for boronate affinity chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 687, 61–69.
Singhal R. P., Ramamurthy B., Govindraj N., and Sarwar Y. (1991) New ligands for boronate affinity chromatography. Synthesis and properties. J. Chromatogr. 543, 17–38.
Bourne E. J., Lees E. M., and Weigel H. (1963) Paper chromatography of carbohydrates and related compounds in the presence of benzeneboronic acid. J. Chromatogr. 11, 253–257.
Schott H. (1972) New dihydroxyboryl-substituted polymers for column-chro-matographic separation of ribonucleoside-deoxyribonucleoside mixtures. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 11, 824–825.
Glad M., Ohlson S., Hansson L., Mansson M., and Mosback K. (1980) High-performance liquid affinity chromatography of nucleosides, nucleotides and carbohydrates with boronic acid-substituted microparticulate silica. J. Chromatogr. 200, 254–260.
Gascon A., Wood T., and Chitemerese L. (1981) The separation of isomeric pentose phosphates from each other and the preparation of D-xylulose 5-phosphate and D-ribulose 5-phosphate by column chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 118, 4–9.
Wulff G. and Vesper W. (1978) Preparation of chromatographic sorbents with chiral cavities for racemic resolution. J. Chromatogr. 167, 171–186.
Schott H., Rudloff E., Schmidt P., Roychoudhury R., and Kossel H. (1973) A dihydroxyboryl-substituted methacrylic polymer for the column chromatographic separation of mononucleotides, oligonucleotides, and transfer ribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 12, 932–938.
Ackerman S., Cool B., and Furth J. (1979) Removal of DNA from RNA by chromatography on acetylated N-[N’-(m-dihydroxylborylphenyl)succinamyl]-aminoethyl cellulose. Anal. Biochem. 100, 174–178.
Rosenberg M. and Gilham P. T. (1971) Isolation of 3’-terminal polynucleotides from RNA molecules. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 246, 337–340.
Wilk H. E., Kecskemethy N., and Schaefer K. P. (1982) m-Aminophenyl-boronate agarose specifically binds capped snRNA and mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 7621–7633.
Rosenberg M., Wiebers J., and Gilham P. T. (1972) Studies on the interactions of nucleotides, polynucleotides, and nucleic acids with dihydroxylboryl-substi-tuted cellulose. Biochemistry 11, 3623–3628.
Van Ness B., Howard J. and Bodley J. (1980) ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2 by diphtheria toxin. J. Biol. Chem. 255, 10,717–10,720.
Herold C. D., Andree K., Herold D. A., and Felder R. A. (1993) Robotic chromatography: development and evaluation of automated instrumentation for assay of glycohemoglobin. Clin. Chem. 39, 143–147.
Bisse E., and Wieland H. (1992) Coupling of m-aminophenylboronic acid to striazine-activated Sephacryl: use in the affinity chromatography of glycated hemoglobins. J. Chromatogr. 575, 223–228.
Hjerten S., and Li J. (1990) High-performance liquid chromatography of proteins on deformed non-porous agarose beads. J. Chromatogr. 500, 543–553.
Klenk D. C., Hermanson G. T., Krohn R. I., Fujimoto E. K., Malia A. K., Smith P. K., England J. D., Wiedmeyer H. M., Little R. R., and Goldstein D. E. (1982) Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin by affinity chromatography: comparison with colorimetric and ion-exchange methods, and effects of common interferences. Clin. Chem. 28, 2088–2094.
Gould B. J., Hall P. M., and Cook G. H. (1982) Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobins using an affinity chromatography method. Clin. Chim. Acta. 125, 41–48.
Kluckiger R., Woodtli T., and Berger W. (1984) Quantitation of glycosylated hemoglobin by boronate affinity chromatography. Diabetes 33, 73–76.
Brena B. M., Batista-Viera F., Ryden L., Porath J. (1992) Selective adsorption of immunoglobulins and glycosylated proteins on phenylboronate-agarose. J. Chromatogr. 604, 109–115.
Yamamoto T., Amuro Y., Matsuda Y., Nakaoka H., Shimomura S., Hada T., and Higashino K. (1991) Boronate affinity chromatography of gammaglutamyltransferase in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 86, 495–499.
DeCristofaro R., Landolfi R., Bizzi B. and Castagnola M. (1988) Human platelet glycocalicin purification by phenyl boronate affinity chromatography coupled to anionexchange high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 426, 376–380.
Myohanen T. A., Bouriotis V., and Dean P. D. G. (1981) Affinity chromatography of yeast alpha-glucosidase using ligand-mediated chromatography on immobilized phenylboronic acids. Biochem. J. 197, 683–688.
Hawkins C. J., Lavin M. F., Parry D. L., and Ross I. L. (1986) Isolation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-containing proteins using boronate affinity chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 159, 187–190.
Williams G. T., Johnstone A. P., and Dean P. D. G. (1982) Fractionation of membrane proteins on phenylboronic acid-agarose. Biochem. J. 205, 167–171.
Matthews D., Alden R., Birktoft J., Freer S., and Kraut J. (1975) X-ray crystallographic study of boronic acid adducts with subtilisin BPN’ (Novo). J. Biol. Chem. 250, 7120–7126.
Garner C. W. (1980) Boronic acid inhibitors of porcine pancreatic lipase. J. Biol. Chem. 255, 5064–5068.
Akparov V., and Stepanov V. (1978) Phenylboronic acid as a ligand for biospecific chromatography of serine proteinses. J. Chromatogr. 155, 329–336.
Zembower D. E.; Neudauer C. L.; Wick M. J.; Ames M. M. (1996) Versatile synthetic ligands for affinity chromatography of serine proteinases. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 47, 405–413.
Bouriotis V., Galpin I. J., and Dean P. D. G. (1981) Applications of immobilized phenylboronic acids as supports for group-specific ligands in the affinity chromatography of enzymes. J. Chromatogr. 210, 267–278.
Maestas R., Prieto J., Duehn G., and Hageman J. (1980) Polyacrylamideboronate beads saturated with biomolecules: a new general support for affinity chromatography of enzymes. J. Chromatogr. 189, 225–231.
Hansson C., Agrup G., Rorsman H., Rosengren A., and Rosengren E. (1978) Chromatographic separation of catecholic amino acids and catecholamines on immobilized phenylboronic acid. J. Chromatogr. 161, 352–355.
Elliger C., Chan B., and Stanley W. (1975) p-Vinylbenzeneboronic acid polymers for separation of vicinal diols. J. Chromatogr. 104, 57–61.
Higa S., Suzuki T., Hayashi A., Tsuge I., and Yamamura Y. (1977) Isolation of catecholamines in biological fluids by boric acid gel. Anal. Biochem. 77, 18–24.
Higa S. and Kishimoto S. (1986) Isolation of 2-hydroxy carboxylic acids with a boronate affinity gel. Anal. Biochem. 154, 71–74.
Bongartz D. and Hesse A. (1995) Selective extraction of quercetrin in vegetable drugs and urine by off-line coupling of boronic acid affinity chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B 673, 223–30.
Pis J. and Harmatha J. (1992) Phenylboronic acid as a versatile derivatization agent for chromatography of ecdysteroids. J. Chromatogr. 596, 271–275.
Ugelstad J., Stenstad P., Kilaas L., Prestvik W. S., Rian A., Nustad K., Herje R. and Berge A. (1996) Biochemical and biomedical application of monodisperse polymer particles. Macromol. Symp. 101, 491–500.
Frantzen F., Grimsrud K., Heggli D.-E., and Sundrehagen E. (1995) Proteinboronic acid conjugates and their binding to low-molecular-mass cis-diols and glycated hemoglobin. J. Chromatogr. B 670, 37–45.
Lau H. H. S. and Baird W. M. (1994) Separation and characterization of postlabeled DNAadducts of stereoisomers of benzo[aα]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide by immobilized boronate chromatography and HPLC analysis. Carcinogenesis, 15, 907–915.
Wulff G. (1995) Molecular imprinting in cross-linked materials with the aid of molecular templates-a way towards artificial antibodies. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 1812–1832.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Liu, XC., Scouten, W.H. (2000). Boronate Affinity Chromatography. In: Bailon, P., Ehrlich, G.K., Fung, WJ., Berthold, W. (eds) Affinity Chromatography. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 147. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-261-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-261-2_12
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-694-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-261-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols