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Cognitively Relevant Recoding in Hippocampus: Beneficial Feedback of Ensemble Codes in a Closed Loop Paradigm

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Electrophysiological Recording Techniques

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 54))

Abstract

The use of population codes derived from ensembles of rat hippocampal neurons to control performance of a delayed-nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) memory task illustrates the important functional and organizational specificity of simultaneously active neurons in this important brain region. In this chapter, we show that online population analyses of firing patterns of 15–35 hippocampal neurons in a single trial provides an ensemble representation (i.e. code) of Sample response information sufficient for utilization, after an imposed (1–30 s) delay interval, to make the required Nonmatch decision on the same trial. This was conclusively demonstrated using a Closed Loop feedback procedure in which the ensemble code for information presented in the Sample phase of the task was assessed and input to a paradigm that either shortened or extended the temporal delay between Sample and Nonmatch phases of the task as a function of the “strength” or efficacy of the Sample (ensemble) code. The Closed Loop paradigm facilitated task performance in two separate ways: (1) by decreasing the number of weak less distinct, codes that were “at-risk” for errors on long delay (>10 s) trials and (2) extending the capacity to perform correctly on longer delay trials when strong ensemble codes for Sample information were present on the same trial. In addition, two models – linear and nonlinear – for assessing ensemble codes were tested in the Closed Loop paradigm with the nonlinear model showing greater efficiency. The successful application of the Closed Loop feedback in this context makes it apparent that differential hippocampal ensemble coding is a key factor underlying short-term memory, while errors, when they occur, result from neural codes of insufficient representational efficacy to be retained over long delay intervals, thereby causing lack of retrieval.

An erratum to this chapter can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-202-5_12

An erratum to this chapter can be found athttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-202-5_12

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the following for assistance with the project: David B. King, Vernell Collins, Rodrigo A. España, and Lihong Shi. This work was supported by NIH grants MH613972 and DA08549 to R.E.H., NSF BMES-ERC and NIH/NIBIB-BMSR to T.W.B. and DA07625 and DARPA contract (SPAWAR) N66001-09-C-2080 to S.A.D.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Robert E. Hampson & Sam A. Deadwyler

  2. Division of Biology and Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    John D. Simeral

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Theodore W. Berger, Dong Song & Rosa H. M. Chan

Authors
  1. Robert E. Hampson
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  2. John D. Simeral
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  3. Theodore W. Berger
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  4. Dong Song
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  5. Rosa H. M. Chan
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  6. Vasilis Z. Marmarelis
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  7. Sam A. Deadwyler
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sam A. Deadwyler .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ctr. Complex Systems & Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Glades Road 777, Boca Raton, 33431-0991, Florida, USA

    Robert P. Vertes

  2. Ctr. Complex Systems & Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Glades Rd. 777, Boca Raton, 33431-0991, Florida, USA

    Robert W. Stackman Jr.

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Hampson, R.E. et al. (2011). Cognitively Relevant Recoding in Hippocampus: Beneficial Feedback of Ensemble Codes in a Closed Loop Paradigm. In: Vertes, R., Stackman Jr., R. (eds) Electrophysiological Recording Techniques. Neuromethods, vol 54. Humana, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-202-5_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-202-5_9

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-201-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-202-5

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