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Targeted Modulation of Neural Circuits: A New Treatment Strategy for Neuropsychiatric Disease

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Book cover Electrophysiological Recording Techniques

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 54))

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Abstract

The last 20 years of clinical neuroscience research has witnessed a fundamental shift in the conceptualization of neuropsychiatric disorders, with the dominant psychological and neurochemical theories of the past now complemented by a growing emphasis on developmental, genetic, molecular, and anatomically based, system-level models. Facilitating this evolving paradigm shift has been the growing contribution of in vivo functional and structural brain imaging techniques that provide an integrative platform to characterize brain circuit dysfunction underlying specific syndromes as well as changes associated with their successful treatment. The impact of this approach is demonstrated by the recent testing of a targeted neuromodulation strategy, deep brain stimulation (DBS), for treatment-resistant major depression. This intervention leverages the system-level models and targeted stimulation techniques pioneered for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease to this and potentially other intractable neuropsychiatric disorders. The theoretical and data-driven foundation for one such imaging-derived network illness model and the initial proof-of-principle testing of subcallosal cingulate white matter DBS for depression is used to illustrate the potential of this evolving treatment strategy.

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Acknowledgments

I thank my many colleagues who contributed to these studies. Work supported by grants from National Institutes of Health (NIH), NARSAD, the Dana Foundation, Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), Stanley Medical Research Foundation, and the Woodruff Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Helen S. Mayberg

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Paul E. Holtzheimer

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  1. Helen S. Mayberg
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  2. Paul E. Holtzheimer
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Correspondence to Helen S. Mayberg .

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  1. Ctr. Complex Systems & Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Glades Road 777, Boca Raton, 33431-0991, Florida, USA

    Robert P. Vertes

  2. Ctr. Complex Systems & Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Glades Rd. 777, Boca Raton, 33431-0991, Florida, USA

    Robert W. Stackman Jr.

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Mayberg, H.S., Holtzheimer, P.E. (2011). Targeted Modulation of Neural Circuits: A New Treatment Strategy for Neuropsychiatric Disease. In: Vertes, R., Stackman Jr., R. (eds) Electrophysiological Recording Techniques. Neuromethods, vol 54. Humana, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-202-5_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-202-5_11

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