Summary
In the absence of germ-line-competent ES cells in the rat, pronuclear microinjection remains an essential tool to generate transgenic rat models. However, DNA microinjection procedures first developed for mouse do not provide scientists with satisfying results when applied to rat. Here we describe optimized procedures for rat with a special focus on rat embryo production, in vitro incubation and culture, DNA pronuclear injection, and the transfer of embryos into foster females.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Cozzi, J., Fraichard, A. and Thiam, K. (2008) Use of genetically modified rats for translational medicine. Drug Discov Today, 13(11–12), 488–494.
Mullins, J.J., Peters, J. and Ganten, D. (1990) Fulminant hypertension in transgenic rats harbouring the mouse Ren-2 gene. Nature, 344, 541–544.
Hammer, R.E., Maika, S.D., Richardson, J.A., Tang, J.P. and Taurog, J.D. (1990) Spontaneous inflammatory disease in transgenic rats expressing HLA-B27 and human beta 2m: an animal model of HLA-B27-associated human disorders. Cell, 63, 1099–1112.
Armstrong, D.T. and Opavsky, M.A. (1988) Superovulation of immature rats by continuous infusion of follicle-stimulating hormone. Biol Reprod, 39, 511–518.
Miyoshi, K., Funahashi, H., Okuda, K. and Niwa, K. (1994) Development of rat one-cell embryos in a chemically defined medium: effects of glucose, phosphate and osmolarity. J Reprod Fertil, 100, 21–26.
Vickery, B.H. and McRae, G.I. (1980) Synchronization of oestrus in adult female rats by utilizing the paradoxical effects of an LH-RH agonist. J Reprod Fertil, 60, 399–402.
Filipiak, W.E. and Saunders, T.L. (2006) Advances in transgenic rat production. Transgenic Res, 15, 673–686.
Hamilton, G.S. and Armstrong, D.T. (1991) The superovulation of synchronous adult rats using follicle-stimulating hormone delivered by continuous infusion. Biol Reprod, 44, 851–856.
Smith, J.C., Corbin, T.J., McCabe, J.G. and Bolon, B. (2004) Isoflurane with morphine is a suitable anaesthetic regimen for embryo transfer in the production of transgenic rats. Lab Anim, 38, 38–43.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank staff from the embryology and molecular biology department for their technical help in writing the document.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Cozzi, J., Anegon, I., Braun, V., Gross, AC., Merrouche, C., Cherifi, Y. (2009). Pronuclear DNA Injection for the Production of Transgenic Rats. In: Cartwright, E. (eds) Transgenesis Techniques. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 561. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-019-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-019-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-018-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-019-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols