Skip to main content

Gastric Carcinogenesis and Helicobacter pylori Infection

  • Protocol
Book cover Inflammation and Cancer

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 511))

Summary

Helicobacter pylori is the most frequent cause of infection-induced cancer worldwide. Gastric carcino-genesis is the consequence of the important and life-long inflammation induced by H. pylori in the stomach. Gastric carcinogenesis, can be studied in many ways. In this chapter, we focus on some aspects concerning the bacteria, and others concerning the host. On the bacterial side, the methods exploring the presence of the cag pathogenicity island including cagA and the consequences on epithelial cells are presented. On the host side, tissue microarray, immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) are described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Parkin, D.M. (2006) The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002.International Journal of Cancer 118, 3030–3044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Warren, J.R., and Marshall, B. (1983) Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis.The Lancet 1, 1273– 1275

    Google Scholar 

  3. IARC. (1994)In “Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans” 61, 177–220

    Google Scholar 

  4. Hill, A.B. (1965) The environment and disease: association or causation?Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 58, 295–300

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ekstrom, A.M., Held, M., Hansson, L., Engstrand, L., and Nyren, O. (2001)Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer established by CagA immunoblot as a marker of past infection.Gas-troenterology 121, 784–791

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wong, B.C.Y., Lam, S.K., Wong, W.M., et al. (2004)Helicobacter pylori eradication to prevent gastric cancer in a high-risk region of China – A randomized controlled trial.JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 291, 187–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Moss, S.F., Calam, J., Agarwal, B., Wang, S., and Holt, P.R. (1996) Induction of gastric epithelial apoptosis byHelicobacter pylori. Gut 38, 498–501

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cahill, R.J., Sant, S., Beattie, S., Hamilton, H., and O'Morain, C. (1994)Helicobacter pylori and increased epithelial cell proliferation: a risk factor for cancer.European Journal of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology 6, 1123–1128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Touati, E., Michel, V., Thiberge, J.M., Wuscher, N., Huerre, M., and Labigne, A. (2003) ChronicHelicobacter pylori infections induce gastric mutations in mice.Gastroenter-ology 124, 1408–1419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kim, J.J., Tao, H., Carloni, E., Leung, W.K., Graham, D.Y., and Sepulveda, A.R. (2002)Helicobacter pylori impairs DNA mismatch repair in gastric epithelial cells.Gastroenterol-ogy 123, 542–553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Censini, S., Lange, C., Xiang, Z., et al. (1996)cag, a pathogenicity island ofHelicobacter pylori, encodes type I-specific and disease-associated virulence factors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, 14648–14653

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Viala, J., Chaput, C., Boneca, I.G., et al. (2004) Nod1 responds to peptidoglycan delivered by theHelicobacter pylori cag pathogenic-ity island.Nature Immunology 5, 1166–1174

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Higashi, H., Tsutsumi, R., Fujita, A., et al. (2002) Biological activity of theHelicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA is determined by variation in the tyrosine phosphorylation sites.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99, 14428– 14433

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Higashi, H., Tsutsumi, R., Muto, S., et al. (2002) SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase as an intracellular target ofHelicobacter pylori CagA protein.Science 295, 683–686

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Backert, S., Moese, S., Selbach, M., Brinkmann, V., and Meyer, T.F. (2001) Phospho-rylation of tyrosine 972 of theHelicobacter pylori CagA protein is essential for induction of a scattering phenotype in gastric epithelial cells.Molecular Microbiology 42, 631–644

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Argent, R.H., Kidd, M., Owen, R.J., Thomas, R.J., Limb, M.C., and Atherton, J.C. (2004) Determinants and consequences of different levels of CagA phosphorylation for clinical isolates ofHelicobacter pylori.Gastroenterology 127, 514–523

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cover, T.L, and Blaser, M.J. (1992) Purification and characterization of the vacuolating toxin fromHelicobacter pylori.Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, 10570–10575

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Atherton, J.C., Cao, P., Peek, R.M., Tum-muru, M.K.R., Blaser, M.J., and Cover, T.L. (1995) Mosaicism in vacuolating cytotoxin alleles ofHelicobacter pylori – Association of specific vacA types with cytotoxin production and peptic ulceration.Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 17771–17777

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rhead, J.L., Letley, D.P., Mohammadi, M., et al. (2007) A newHelicobacter pylori vacuolat-ing cytotoxin determinant, the intermediate region, is associated with gastric cancer.Gas-troenterology 133, 926–936

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Papini, E., Zoratti, M., and Cover, T.L. (2001) In search of theHelicobacter pylori VacA mechanism of action.Toxicon 39, 1757–1767

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Boquet, P., Ricci, V., Galmiche, A., and Gauthier, N.C. (2003) Gastric cell apoptosis andH. pylori: has the main function of VacA finally been identified?Trends in Microbiology 11, 410–413

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fujikawa, A., Shirasaka, D., Yamamoto, S., et al. (2003) Mice deficient in protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z are resistant to gastric ulcer induction by VacA ofHelicobacter pylori.Nature Genetics 33, 375–381

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gerhard, M., Lehn, N., Neumayer, N., et al. (1999) Clinical relevance of theHelicobacter pylori gene for blood-group antigen-binding adhesin.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96, 12778–12783

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Correa, P., Haenszel, W., Cuello, C., et al. (1990) Gastric precancerous process in a high risk population: cohort follow-up.Cancer Research 50, 4737–4740

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Matsukura, N., Suzuki, K., Kawachi, T., et al. (1980) Distribution of marker enzymes and mucin in intestinal metaplasia in human stomach and relation to complete and incomplete types of intestinal metaplasia to minute gastric carcinomas.Journal of National Cancer Institute 65, 231–240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Halliwell, B. (2007) Oxidative stress and cancer: have we moved forward?The Biochemical Journal 401, 1–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kang, G.H., Lee, H.J., Hwang, K.S., Lee, S., Kim, J.H., and Kim, J.S. (2003) Aberrant CpG island hypermethylation of chronic gastritis, in relation to aging, gender, intestinal metaplasia, and chronic inflammation.American Journal of Pathology 163, 1551–1556

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kountouras, J., Zavos, C., and Chatzopoulos, D. (2005) New concepts of molecular biology on gastric carcinogenesis.Hepato Gastroenter-ology 52, 1305–1312

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Zavros, Y., Eaton, K.A., Kang, W., et al. (2005) Chronic gastritis in the hypochlorhydric gas-trin-deficient mouse progresses to adenocarci-noma.Oncogene 24, 2354–2366

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Occhialini, A., Marais, A., Urdaci, M., et al. (2001) Composition and gene expression of thecag pathogenicity island inHelicobacter pylori strains isolated from gastric carcinoma and gastritis patients in Costa Rica.Infection and Immunity 69, 1902–1908

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Santos A, Queiroz DM, Ménard A, et al. (2003) New pathogenicity marker found in the plasticity region of theHelicobacter pylori genome.Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, 1651–1655

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Rudi, J., Kolb, C., Maiwald, M., et al. (1998) Diversity ofHelicobacter pylori vacA andcagA genes and relationship to VacA and CagA protein expression, cytotoxin production, and associated diseases.Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, 944–948

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Argent, R.H., Zhang, Y.L., and Atherton, J.C. (2005) Simple method for determination of the number ofHelicobacter pylori CagA variable-region EPIYA tyrosine phosphorylation motifs by PCR.Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43, 791–795

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Rice, P., Longden, I., and Bleasby, A. (2000) EMBOSS: the European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite.Trends in Genetics 16, 276–277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Corpet, F. (1988) Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering.Nucleic Acids Research 16, 10881–10890

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Huang, X., and Miller, M. (1991) A time-efficient, linear-space local similarity algorithm.Advances in Applied Mathematics 12, 337–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Cover TL, Blanke SR, Hehcobaoter VacA, a paradigm per toxin multifunctionality Nat. Rev. microbial 2005; 3:320–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Atherton, J.C., Cover, T.L., Twells, R.J., Morales, M.R., Hawkey, C.J., and Blaser, M.J. (1999) Simple and accurate PCR-based system for typing vacuolating cytotoxin alleles ofHeli-cobacter pylori.Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, 2979–2982

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Oosterhuis, J.W., Coebergh, J.W., and van Veen, E.B. (2003) Tumour banks: well-guarded treasures in the interest of patients.Nature Reviews Cancer 3, 73–77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Kononen, J., Bubendorf, L., Kallioniemi, A., et al. (1998) Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens.Nature Medicine 4, 844–847

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Bezieau, S., Devilder, M.C., Avet-Loiseau, H., et al. (2001) High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis.Human Mutation 18, 212–224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Hasegawa, Y., Takeda, S., Ichii, S., et al. (1995) Detection of K-ras mutations in DNAs isolated from feces of patients with colorectal tumors by mutant-allele-specific amplification (MASA).Oncogene 10, 1441–1445

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Jarry, A., Masson, D., Cassagnau, E., Parois, S., Laboisse, C., and Denis, M.G. (2004) Real-time allele-specific amplification for sensitive detection of the BRAF mutation V600E.Molecular and Cellular Probes 18, 349–352

    Google Scholar 

  44. Laboisse, C.L., Augeron, C., Couturier-Turpin, M.H., Gespach, C., Cheret, A.M., and Potet, F. (1982) Characterization of a newly established human gastric cancer cell line HGT-1 bearing histamine H2-receptors.Cancer Research 42, 1541–1548

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Ferreira-Chagas, B., Lasne, G., Dupouy, S., et al. (2007) In vitro proinflammatory properties ofHelicobacter pylori strains causing low-grade gastric MALT Lymphoma.Helicobacter 12, 616–617

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Varon, C., Mosnier, JF., Lehours, P., Matysiak-Budnik, T., Mégraud, F. (2009). Gastric Carcinogenesis and Helicobacter pylori Infection. In: Kozlov, S.V. (eds) Inflammation and Cancer. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 511. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-447-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-447-6_10

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-934115-14-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-447-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics