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Cancer Screenings, Diagnostic Technology Evolution, and Cancer Control

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Book cover Cancer Epidemiology

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 471))

Summary

Screening should allow for the anticipation of cancer diagnosis at an earlier stage, when curative treatment is possible. Screening for cervical, large bowel, and breast cancer were shown to be effective in reducing mortality. The wide acceptance of the screening concept led to the wide diffusion also of screening of uncertain benefit against prostate cancer and skin melanoma. Diagnostic technologies are continuously evolving, and new tests are proposed to improve existing screenings or as screening tests for additional cancer sites (e.g., lung cancer). Cancer screening, however, is a complex and costly intervention that does not result only in benefits but also may cause harm. A major emerging problem of screening is overdiagnosis, or the detection of cases that would have not progressed to the symptomatic phase in the absence of screening. Thus, both experimental and observational evaluation studies are needed to reduce harm caused by screenings and to select effective interventions among many proposed innovations. Finally, the research of markers to assess the aggressive nature of screen-detected lesions is of great importance to improve screenings ’ harm/benefit ratio.

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  1. Department of Surgical and Medical Specialties, and Public Health, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Fabrizio Stracci

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  1. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA

    Mukesh Verma PhD

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Stracci, F. (2009). Cancer Screenings, Diagnostic Technology Evolution, and Cancer Control. In: Verma, M. (eds) Cancer Epidemiology. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 471. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-416-2_6

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