Abstract
This chapter introduces an efficient and accurate site-directed mutagenesis protocol, which allows the color selection of mutants through the simultaneous activation or deactivation of the α-peptide of β-galactosidase. It uses doublestranded plasmid DNA as the mutational template. This protocol can efficiently create mutations of large inserts at multiple sites simultaneously and can be used to perform multiple rounds of mutation on the same construct. Thus, constructs containing whole open-reading frames and whole viral genomes can be subjected to site-directed mutagenesis and used for subsequent functional studies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Kunkel, T. A., Bebenek, K., and McClary, J. (1991) Efficient site-directed mutagenesis using uracil-containing DNA, in “Methods in Enzymology”, Academic Press, Inc., pp. 125–139.
2. Kunkel, T. A. (1985) Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 488–492.
3. Deng, W. P., and Nickoloff, J. A. (1992) Site-directed mutagenesis of virtually any plasmid by eliminating a unique site. Anal. Biochem. 200, 81–88.
4. Wong, F., and Komaromy, M. (1995) Site-directed mutagenesis using thermostable enzymes. BioTechniques 18, 1034–1038.
5. Ohmori, H. (1994) A new method for strand discrimination in sequence-directed mutagenesis. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 884–885.
6. Li, F., Liu, S. L., and Mullins, J. I. (1999) Site-directed mutagenesis using uracil-containing double-stranded DNA templates and DpnI digestion. Biotechniques 27, 734–738.
7. Xin, W., Huang, D. W., Zhang, Y. M., and Geng, L. (2004) DNA mutagenesis using T4 DNA polymerase and DpnI restriction endonuclease. Anal. Biochem. 329, 151–153.
8. Weiner, M. P., Costa, G. L., Schoettlin, W., Cline, J., Mathur, E., and Bauer, J. C. (1994) Site-directed mutagenesis of double-stranded DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. Gene 151, 119–123.
9. Lu, L., Patel, H., and Bissler, J. J. (2002) Optimizing DpnI digestion conditions to detect replicated DNA. Biotechniques 33, 316–318.
10. Lesley, S. A., and Bohnsack, R. N. (1994) Site-directed mutagenesis using the altered sites II systems, in “Promega Notes”, Vol. 46, Madison, WI, p.06.
11. Liu, L., and Lomonossoff, G. P. (2006) A site-directed mutagenesis method utilising large double-stranded DNA templates for the simultaneous introduction of multiple changes and sequential multiple rounds of mutation: application to the study of whole viral genomes. J. Virol. Met. 137, 63–71.
12. Liu, L., Canizares, M. C., Monger, W., Perrin, Y., Tsakiris, E., Porta, C., Shariat, N., Nicholson, L., and Lomonossoff, G. P. (2005) Cowpea mosaic virus-based systems for the production of antigens and antibodies in plants. Vaccine 23, 1788–1792.
13. Liu, L., Grainger, J., Canizares, M. C., Angell, S. M., and Lomonossoff, G. P. (2004) Cowpea mosaic virus RNA-1 acts as an amplicon whose effects can be counteracted by a RNA-2-encoded suppressor of silencing. Virology 323, 37–48.
14. van Engelen, F. A., Moltoff, J. W., Conner, A. J., Nap, J.-P., Pereira, A., and Stiekema, W. J. (1995) pBINPLUS: an improved plant transformation vector based on pBIN19. Transgenic Res. 4, 288–290.
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T. (Eds.) (1989) Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. Second edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
16. Chung, C. T., Niemela, S. L., and Miller, R. H. (1989) One-step preparation of competent Escherichia coli: Transformation and storage of bacterial cells in the same solution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 2172–2175.
Acknowledgments
This work was funded under the BBSRC LINK scheme, the EC Framework 5 Quality of Life Programme (contract No. QLK2-CT-2002-01050) and the EC Framework 6 “Pharma-planta” project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science + Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Liu, L., Lomonossoff, G.P. (2008). Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Whole Viral Genomes. In: Foster, G.D., Johansen, I.E., Hong, Y., Nagy, P.D. (eds) Plant Virology Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 451. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-102-4_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-102-4_27
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-827-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-102-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols