Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (PEPCs), mostly known as the enzymes responsible for the initial CO2 fixation during C4 photosynthesis, are regulated by reversible phosphorylation in vascular plants. The phosphorylation site on a PEPC molecule is conserved not only among isoforms but also across plant species. An anti-phosphopeptide antibody is a common and powerful tool for detecting phosphorylated target proteins with high specificity. We generated two antibodies, one against a peptide containing a phosphoserine (phosphopeptide) and the other against a peptide containing a phosphoserine mimetic, (S)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (phosphonopeptide). The amino acid sequence of the peptide was taken from the site around the phosphorylation site near the N-terminal region of the maize C4-isoform of PEPC. The former antibodies detected almost specifically the phosphorylated C4-isoform of PEPC, whereas the latter antibodies had a broader specificity for the phosphorylated PEPC in various plant species. The following procedures are described herein: (1) preparation of the phosphopeptide and phosphonopeptide; (2) preparation and purification of rabbit antibodies; (3) preparation of cell extracts from leaves for analyses of PEPC phosphorylation with antibodies; and (4) characterization of the obtained antibodies. Finally, (5) two cases involving the application of these antibodies are presented.
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We thank Edanz Group (www.edanzediting.com/ac) for editing a draft of the manuscript.
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Ueno, Y. et al. (2020). In Vivo Phosphorylation: Development of Specific Antibodies to Detect the Phosphorylated PEPC Isoform for the C4 Photosynthesis in Zea mays. In: Vaschetto, L. (eds) Cereal Genomics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2072. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9865-4_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9865-4_18
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