Abstract
Mammalian purinoreceptors respond to extracellular nucleotides and their metabolites, for example, following the release of ATP or NAD+ from cells and their hydrolysis by ectonucleotidases. Membrane purinoreceptors are expressed as ionotropic ligand-gated ion channels designated P2X receptors, or as metabotropic G-protein coupled receptors designated P1 or P2Y receptors, on the cell surface of different cell types. In this chapter, we provide protocols to monitor the expression and activity of purinoreceptors on the cell membrane of living cells by flow cytometry.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Akdis M, Andra I, Annunziato F et al (2017) Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies. Eur J Immunol 47:1584–1797
Scheuplein F, Schwarz N, Adriouch S, Krebs C, Bannas P, Rissiek B et al (2009) NAD+ and ATP released from injured cells induce P2X7-dependent shedding of CD62L and externalization of phosphatidylserine by murine T cells. J Immunol 182:2898–2908
Rissiek B, Danquah W, Haag F, Koch-Nolte F (2014) Technical Advance: A new cell preparation strategy that greatly improves the yield of vital and functional Tregs and NKT cells. J Leukoc Biol 95:543–549
Rissiek B, Lukowiak M, Raczkowski F, Magnus T, Mittrucker HW, Koch-Nolte F (2018) In vivo blockade of murine ARTC2.2 during cell preparation preserves the vitality and function of liver tissue-resident memory T cells. Front Immunol 9:1580
Georgiev H, Ravens I, Papadogianni G, Malissen B, Forster R, Bernhardt G (2018) Blocking the ART2.2/P2X7-system is essential to avoid a detrimental bias in functional CD4 T cell studies. Eur J Immunol 48:1078–1081
Bartlett R, Stokes L, Sluyter R (2014) The P2X7 receptor channel: recent developments and the use of P2X7 antagonists in models of disease. Pharmacol Rev 66:638–675
Rissiek B, Haag F, Boyer O, Koch-Nolte F, Adriouch S (2015) P2X7 on mouse T cells: one channel, many functions. Front Immunol 6:204
Di Virgilio F, Dal Ben D, Sarti AC, Giuliani AL, Falzoni S (2017) The P2X7 receptor in infection and inflammation. Immunity 47:15–31
Moller S, Jung C, Adriouch S, Dubberke G, Seyfried F, Seman M et al (2007) Monitoring the expression of purinoceptors and nucleotide-metabolizing ecto-enzymes with antibodies directed against proteins in native conformation. Purinergic Signal 3:359–366
Roncador G, Engel P, Maestre L, Anderson AP, Cordell JL, Cragg MS et al (2016) The European antibody network’s practical guide to finding and validating suitable antibodies for research. MAbs 8:27–36
Gargett CE, Wiley JS (1997) The isoquinoline derivative KN-62 a potent antagonist of the P2Z-receptor of human lymphocytes. Br J Pharmacol 120:1483–1490
King BF (2007) Novel P2X7 receptor antagonists ease the pain. Br J Pharmacol 151:565–567
Danquah W, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Rissiek B, Pinto C, Serracant-Prat A, Amadi M et al (2016) Nanobodies that block gating of the P2X7 ion channel ameliorate inflammation. Sci Transl Med 8:366ra162
Koch-Nolte F, Reyelt J, Schossow B, Schwarz N, Scheuplein F, Rothenburg S et al (2007) Single domain antibodies from llama effectively and specifically block T cell ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase ART2.2 in vivo. FASEB J 21:3490–3498
Sester DP, Thygesen SJ, Sagulenko V, Vajjhala PR, Cridland JA, Vitak N et al (2015) A novel flow cytometric method to assess inflammasome formation. J Immunol 194:455–462
Anderson KG, Mayer-Barber K, Sung H, Beura L, James BR, Taylor JJ et al (2014) Intravascular staining for discrimination of vascular and tissue leukocytes. Nat Protoc 9:209–222
Seman M, Adriouch S, Scheuplein F, Krebs C, Freese D, Glowacki G et al (2003) NAD-induced T cell death: ADP-ribosylation of cell surface proteins by ART2 activates the cytolytic P2X7 purinoceptor. Immunity 19:571–582
Schwarz N, Fliegert R, Adriouch S, Seman M, Guse AH, Haag F, Koch-Nolte F (2009) Activation of the P2X7 ion channel by soluble and covalently bound ligands. Purinergic Signal 5:139–149
Schwarz N, Drouot L, Nicke A, Fliegert R, Boyer O, Guse AH et al (2012) Alternative splicing of the N-terminal cytosolic and transmembrane domains of P2X7 controls gating of the ion channel by ADP-ribosylation. PLoS One 7:e41269
Fuller SJ, Stokes L, Skarratt KK, Gu BJ, Wiley JS (2009) Genetics of the P2X7 receptor and human disease. Purinergic Signal 5:257–262
Adriouch S, Dox C, Welge V, Seman M, Koch-Nolte F, Haag F (2002) Cutting edge: a natural P451L mutation in the cytoplasmic domain impairs the function of the mouse P2X7 receptor. J Immunol 169:4108–4112
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the EU COST Program (BM1406).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Schwarz, N., Junge, M., Haag, F., Koch-Nolte, F. (2020). Flow Cytometry of Membrane Purinoreceptors. In: PelegrÃn, P. (eds) Purinergic Signaling. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2041. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9717-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9717-6_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9716-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9717-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols