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Stroke Biomarkers pp 245–256Cite as

Impaired Retinal Vasoreactivity as an Early Marker of Stroke Risk in Diabetes

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Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 147))

Abstract

More than 70 million Americans are prediabetic, an early stage in the hyperglycemic continuum which is associated with an increased risk of developing future diabetes and diabetes-associated vascular complications, such as macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke) and microvascular complications (diabetic retinopathy). The retina is a unique site to directly study the human circulation. Retinal blood flow is controlled by autoregulatory metabolic and pressure mechanisms which are impaired in prediabetes and diabetes contributing to retinopathy and vision loss. Understanding the pathophysiologic basis for changed blood vessel responses across the hyperglycemic continuum is important for the discovery of new treatments and preventive strategies during early disease stages.

Retinal vasoreactivity measurements may be a more sensitive non-invasive indicator of early stages of atherosclerosis rather than traditional markers of cardiovascular risk. Prospective studies may determine whether changes in retinal vascular behavior in individuals with prediabetes are a harbinger of future cardiovascular disease or retinopathy. Retinal and cerebral endothelial dysfunctions are already present in prediabetes and early stages of diabetes stressing the importance for early screening and intervention to prevent cerebrovascular disease.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA

    Kerstin Bettermann & Kusum Sinha

Authors
  1. Kerstin Bettermann
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  2. Kusum Sinha
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kerstin Bettermann .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Philip V. Peplow

  2. Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, USA

    Bridget Martinez

  3. Brain Biomarkers Research Lab, Emory Decatur Hospital, Emory Healthcare, Decatur, GA, USA

    Svetlana A. Dambinova

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Bettermann, K., Sinha, K. (2020). Impaired Retinal Vasoreactivity as an Early Marker of Stroke Risk in Diabetes. In: Peplow, P.V., Martinez, B., Dambinova, S.A. (eds) Stroke Biomarkers. Neuromethods, vol 147. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9682-7_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9682-7_13

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9681-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9682-7

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