Abstract
The immune system in a broad sense is a mechanism that allows a living organism to discriminate between “self” and “nonself.” Examples of immune systems occur in multicellular organisms as simple and ancient as sea sponges. In fact, complex multicellular life would be impossible without the ability to exclude external life from the internal environment. This introduction to the immune system will explore the cell types and soluble factors involved in immune reactions, as well as their location in the body during development and maintenance. Additionally, a description of the immunological events during an innate and adaptive immune reaction to an infection will be discussed, as well as a brief introduction to autoimmunity, cancer immunity, vaccines, and immunotherapies.
Key words
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Jenner E (1909) The three original publications on vaccination against smallpox. P.F. Collier & Son Company, New York
Cavaillon J-M (2011) The historical milestones in the understanding of leukocyte biology initiated by Elie Metchnikoff. J Leukoc Biol 90:413–424
Kantha SS (1991) A centennial review; the 1890 tetanus antitoxin paper of von Behring and Kitasato and the related developments. Keio J Med 40:35–39
Turk JL (1994) Almroth Wright—phagocytosis and opsonization. J R Soc Med 87:576–577
Dreyer WJ, Bennett JC (1965) The molecular basis of antibody formation: a paradox. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 54:864–869
Murphy K, Travers P, Walport M (2008) The humoral immune response. In: Janeway’s immunobiology, 7th edn. Garland Science, New York
Feola M, Merklin R, Cho S, Brockman SK (1977) The terminal pathway of the lymphatic system of the human heart. Ann Thorac Surg 24:531–536
Medina E (2009) Neutrophil extracellular traps: a strategic tactic to defeat pathogens with potential consequences for the host. J Innate Immun 1:176–180
Paust S, von Andrian UH (2011) Natural killer cell memory. Nat Immunol 12:500–508
Leavy O (2014) Natural killer cells: RAG keeps natural killers fit. Nat Rev Immunol 14:716–717
Karo JM, Sun JC (2015) Novel molecular mechanism for generating NK-cell fitness and memory. Eur J Immunol 45:1906–1915
Rapp M, Lau CM, Adams NM et al (2017) Core-binding factor β and Runx transcription factors promote adaptive natural killer cell responses. Sci Immunol 2. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aan3796
Berzins SP, Smyth MJ, Baxter AG (2011) Presumed guilty: natural killer T cell defects and human disease. Nat Rev Immunol 11:131–142
Bettelli E, Oukka M, Kuchroo VK (2007) T(H)-17 cells in the circle of immunity and autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 8:345
Dillman RO (2011) Cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 26:1–64
Waldmann TA (2017) Cytokines in cancer immunotherapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a028472
Simon JH, Jacobs LD, Campion M et al (1998) Magnetic resonance studies of intramuscular interferon β--1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 43:79–87
Asadullah K, Sterry W, Stephanek K et al (1998) IL-10 is a key cytokine in psoriasis. Proof of principle by IL-10 therapy: a new therapeutic approach. J Clin Invest 101:783–794
Narula SK, Cutler D, Grint P (1998) Immunomodulation of Crohn’s disease by interleukin-10. Agents Actions Suppl 49:57–65
Vistnes M, Christensen G, Omland T (2010) Multiple cytokine biomarkers in heart failure. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 10:147–157
Lacour S, Gautier J-C, Pallardy M, Roberts R (2005) Cytokines as potential biomarkers of liver toxicity. Cancer Biomark 1:29–39
Marrack P, McKee AS, Munks MW (2009) Towards an understanding of the adjuvant action of aluminium. Nat Rev Immunol 9:287–293
Garçon N, Di Pasquale A (2017) From discovery to licensure, the Adjuvant System story. Hum Vaccin Immunother 13:19–33
Krieg AM (2012) CpG still rocks! Update on an accidental drug. Nucleic Acid Ther 22:77–89
Alexander W (2016) The checkpoint immunotherapy revolution: what started as a trickle has become a flood, despite some daunting adverse effects; new drugs, indications, and combinations continue to emerge. P T 41:185
Robert C, Ribas A, Wolchok JD et al (2014) Anti-programmed-death-receptor-1 treatment with pembrolizumab in ipilimumab-refractory advanced melanoma: a randomised dose-comparison cohort of a phase 1 trial. Lancet 384:1109–1117
Decker WK, da Silva RF, Sanabria MH et al (2017) Cancer immunotherapy: historical perspective of a clinical revolution and emerging preclinical animal models. Front Immunol 8:829
Maus MV, June CH (2016) Making better chimeric antigen receptors for adoptive T-cell therapy. Clin Cancer Res 22:1875–1884
Park JH, Rivière I, Gonen M et al (2018) Long-term follow-up of CD19 CAR therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 378:449–459
(1997) Combined immunization of infants with oral and inactivated poliovirus vaccines: results of a randomized trial in the Gambia, Oman, and Thailand. J Infect Dis 175:S215–S227
Osterholm MT, Kelley NS, Manske JM et al (2013) The compelling need for game-changing influenza vaccines an analysis of the influenza vaccine enterprise and recommendations for the future, October 2012. CIDRAP, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Vidal M, Chan DW, Gerstein M et al (2012) The human proteome - a scientific opportunity for transforming diagnostics, therapeutics, and healthcare. Clin Proteomics 9:6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
McComb, S., Thiriot, A., Akache, B., Krishnan, L., Stark, F. (2019). Introduction to the Immune System. In: Fulton, K., Twine, S. (eds) Immunoproteomics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2024. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9597-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9597-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9596-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9597-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols