Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease covers a range of biliary disorders marked by an impaired bile duct flow. Various conditions can result in bile obstruction including choledocholithiasis, surgical trauma, and autoimmune disorders. Cholestatic liver disease can be mild but generally progresses to more severe conditions with increased hepatobiliary injury, cholangitis, and ultimately liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. An extensively used experimental model to investigate the pathophysiology of biliary cirrhosis and potential novel therapies is the common bile duct ligation in mice and rats. Common bile duct ligation induces the different stages of cholestatic-induced liver disease being cholestasis, subsequently accompanied by inflammation and finally liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In this protocol, an outline of the surgical procedures to conduct common bile duct ligation in mice is provided. The major steps include the isolation of the common bile duct, followed by ligation and dissection.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Boberg KM, Cadamuro M, Fabris L et al (2017) Biliary disease. Springer International Publishing, Cham
Selvasekaran R, Nagalakshmi G, Anandan H (2017) Clinical spectrum of presentation of obstructive jaundice in inflammation, stone disease, and malignancy. Int J Sci Study 5:10–14
Kremer AE, Rust C, Eichhorn P et al (2009) Immune-mediated liver diseases: programmed cell death ligands and circulating apoptotic markers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 9:139–156
Zakharia K, Tabibian A, Lindor KD et al (2018) Complications, symptoms, quality of life and pregnancy in cholestatic liver disease. Liver Int 38:399–411
Jansen PLM, Ghallab A, Vartak N et al (2017) The ascending pathophysiology of cholestatic liver disease. Hepatology 65:722–738
Pavlidis ET, Pavlidis TE (2018) Pathophysiological consequences of obstructive jaundice and perioperative management. Hepatob Pancreatic Dis Int 17:17–21
Moezi L, Dehpour AR (2013) Cardiovascular abnormalities in obstructive cholestasis: the possible mechanisms. Liver Int 33:7–15
Wu W, Zhang JL, Yang WL et al (2016) Role of splenic reservoir monocytes in pulmonary vascular monocyte accumulation in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31:1888–1894
Geerts AM, Vanheule E, Praet M et al (2008) Comparison of three research models of portal hypertension in mice: macroscopic, histological and portal pressure evaluation. Int J Exp Pathol 89:251–263
Shikata F, Sakaue T, Nakashiro K et al (2014) Pathophysiology of lung injury induced by common bile duct ligation in mice. PLoS One 9:14
Fallon MB, Abrams GA, McGrath JW et al (1997) Common bile duct ligation in the rat: a model of intrapulmonary vasodilatation and hepatopulmonary syndrome. Am J Physiol-Gastroint Liver Physiol 272:G779–G784
Raevens S, Geerts A, Paridaens A et al (2018) Placental growth factor inhibition targets pulmonary angiogenesis and represents a novel therapy for hepatopulmonary syndrome in mice. Hepatology 68:634–651
Marques TG, Chaib E, da Fonseca JH et al (2012) Review of experimental models for inducing hepatic cirrhosis by bile duct ligation and carbon tetrachloride injection. Acta Cir Bras 27:589–594
Georgiev P, Jochum W, Heinrich S et al (2008) Characterization of time-related changes after experimental bile duct ligation. Br J Surg 95:646–656
Tag CG, Sauer-Lehnen S, Weiskirchen S et al (2015) Bile duct ligation in mice: induction of inflammatory liver injury and fibrosis by obstructive cholestasis. J Vis Exp:11
Xie CX, Ma B, Wang N et al (2017) Comparison of serological assessments in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation mice. Exp Biol Med 242:1398–1404
Zhang CY, Yuan WG, He P et al (2016) Liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cells: etiology, pathological hallmarks and therapeutic targets. World J Gastroenterol 22:10512–10522
Chaniotakis I, Spyrliadis A, Katsimpoulas M et al (2016) The mouse and the rat in surgical research. The anesthetic approach. J Hell Vet Med Soc 67:147–162
Arras M, Autenried P, Rettich A et al (2001) Optimization of intraperitoneal injection anesthesia in mice: drugs, dosages, adverse effects, and anesthesia depth. Comp Med 51:443–456
Hildebrandt IJ, Su H, Weber WA (2008) Anesthesia and other considerations for in vivo imaging of small animals. ILAR J 49:17–26
Baker P, Barraclough B, Berry W et al (2009) Section II: Ten essential objectives for safe surgery: review of the evidence and recommendations. In: Gawande A, Weiser T (eds) WHO guidelines for safe surgery 2009: safe surgery saves lives. World Health Organization, Geneva, pp 43–61
Welberg LAM, Kinkead B, Thrivikraman KV et al (2006) Ketamine-xylazine-acepromazine anesthesia and postoperative recovery in rats. J Amer Assoc Lab Anim Sci 45:13–20
Martini FH, Tallitsch RB, Nath JL et al (2015) Human anatomy, 6th edn. Pearson, Boston
Yang Y, Chen B, Chen Y et al (2015) A comparison of two common bile duct ligation methods to establish hepatopulmonary syndrome animal models. Lab Anim 49:71–79
Goodman ZD (2007) Grading and staging systems for inflammation and fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. J Hepatol 47:598–607
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the grants of the Special Research Funds—University Ghent (BOF-UGent) and the Fund for Scientific Research—Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Van Campenhout, S., Van Vlierberghe, H., Devisscher, L. (2019). Common Bile Duct Ligation as Model for Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis. In: Vinken, M. (eds) Experimental Cholestasis Research. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1981. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9420-5_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9420-5_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9419-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9420-5
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols