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Complement Regulation and Immune Evasion by Hepatitis C Virus

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Book cover Hepatitis C Virus Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1911))

Abstract

A prominent role for complement has been identified in the linkage of innate and adaptive immunity. The liver is the main source of complement and hepatocytes are the primary sites for synthesis of complement components in vivo. We have discovered that hepatitis C virus (HCV) impairs C4 and C3 synthesis. Liver damage may diminish capacity of complement synthesis in patients. However, we observed that the changes in measured complement components in chronically HCV infected patients do not correlate with liver fibrosis or rheumatoid factor present in the blood, serum albumin, or alkaline phosphatase levels. Complement component C3 is of critical importance in B cell activation and T cell-dependent antibody responses. C3 activity is required for optimal expansion of CD8+T cells during a systemic viral infection. Deficiencies in complement may predispose patients to infections via ineffective opsonization, and defects in lytic activity via membrane attack complex. Interestingly, C9 is significantly reduced at the mRNA level in chronically HCV infected liver biopsy specimens, while many hepatocyte derived complement components (C6, C8, Factor B, MASP1, and MBL) and unrelated genes remain mostly unaffected. This implies an HCV specific effect, not a global effect from liver disease.

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Acknowledgments

Our research was supported by research grants DK080812 from NIDDK, U54-AI057160 from the NIAID to the Midwest Regional center of Excellence (MRCE) for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, and from the Presidential and Liver Center Research Funds of Saint Louis University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Young-Chan Kwon & Ranjit Ray

  2. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Young-Chan Kwon & Ranjit Ray

  3. Institut Pasteur Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

    Young-Chan Kwon

Authors
  1. Young-Chan Kwon
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  2. Ranjit Ray
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Correspondence to Ranjit Ray .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Mansun Law

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Kwon, YC., Ray, R. (2019). Complement Regulation and Immune Evasion by Hepatitis C Virus. In: Law, M. (eds) Hepatitis C Virus Protocols . Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1911. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8976-8_23

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8976-8_23

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8975-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8976-8

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