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Methods and Techniques in Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology pp 257–283Cite as

Methods in the Extraction and Chemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants

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Abstract

This chapter aims to give an overview of advanced techniques for the extraction, isolation, and analysis of natural products from medicinal plants. It is of great pharmacological interest to isolate and study bioactive natural products. Although sometimes the plants selected for study are chosen based on their traditional medicinal uses, this need not be the case as other attributes may justify study, such as chemical diversity and lack of previous study. Extraction techniques represent one of the earliest steps in natural products isolation, and as such can greatly impact results. Once a crude extract is obtained, compound isolation is achieved through the framework of bioassay-guided fractionation. Under this framework, chromatographic separations are used to iteratively generate fractions, each enriched with a compound or set of compounds of a certain attribute, until finally single compounds are isolated. Analysis of extracts, fractions, and single compounds is performed via spectroscopy, through which the chemical character of fractions and structural attributes of compounds of interest can be elucidated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Akram M. Salam

  2. Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    James T. Lyles

  3. Dermatology and Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Cassandra L. Quave

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  1. Akram M. Salam
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  2. James T. Lyles
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  3. Cassandra L. Quave
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Correspondence to Cassandra L. Quave .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

    Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque

  2. Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

    Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena

  3. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

    Luiz Vital Fernandes Cruz da Cunha

  4. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil

    Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves

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Salam, A.M., Lyles, J.T., Quave, C.L. (2019). Methods in the Extraction and Chemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants. In: Albuquerque, U., de Lucena, R., Cruz da Cunha, L., Alves, R. (eds) Methods and Techniques in Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology . Springer Protocols Handbooks. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8919-5_17

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