Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Structural Analysis of Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Lactic Acid Bacteria

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1887))

Abstract

Production of exopolysaccharides by lactic acid bacteria is a common phenomenon. Structural information of these widely diverse biopolymers is rendered by the monosaccharide composition, the anomeric configurations, the type of glycosidic linkages, the presence of repeating units and noncarbohydrate substituents, and finally the presentation of a chemical molecular structure or composite model. The detailed structural analysis of polysaccharides is a time-consuming pursuit, including the use of different techniques, such as chemical degradation methods (e.g., hydrolysis), separation methods (e.g., SEC-chromatography and HPLC/HPAEC), and identification methods (e.g., GLC-EIMS and 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy). In this chapter, some analytical methods are described and demonstrated for two different exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ruas-Madiedo P, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG (2005) Methods for the screening, isolation, and characterization of exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria. J Dairy Science 88:843–856

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zeidan AA, Poulsen VK, Janzen T, Buldo P, Derkx PMF, Øregaard G, Neves AR (2017) Polysaccharide production by lactic acid bacteria: from genes to industrial applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 41:S168–S200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. De Vuyst L, De Vin F (2007) Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria. In: Kamerling JP, Boons GJ, Lee YC, Suzuki A, Taniguchi N, Voragen AGJ (eds) Comprehensive glycoscience—from chemistry to systems biology, Vol. 2. Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, pp 477-519

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ruas-Madiedo P, Salazar N, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG (2009) Biosynthesis and chemical composition of exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria. In: Ullrich M (ed.) Bacterial Polysaccharides: Current Innovations and Future Trends. Caister Academic Press, pp279-310

    Google Scholar 

  5. Notararigo S, Nácher-Vázquez M, Ibarburu I, Werning ML, Fernández de Palencia P, Dueñas MT, Aznar R, López P, Prieto A (2013) Comparative analysis of production and purification of homo- and hetero-polysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria. Carbohydr Polym 93:57–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Flemming HC, Wingender J (2010) The biofilm matrix. Nature Rev Microbiol 8:623–633

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Nwodo UU, Green E, Okoh AI (2012) Bacterial exopolysaccharides: functionality and prospects. Int J Mol Sci 13:14002–14015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Badel S, Bernardi T, Michaud P (2011) New perspectives for Lactobacilli exopolysaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 29:54–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Freitas F, Alves VD, Reis MAM (2011) Advances in bacterial exopolysaccharides: from production to biotechnological applications. Trends in Biotechnol 29:388–398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Patel S, Majumber A, Goyal A (2012) Potentials of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria. Indian J Microbiol 52:3–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Patel A, Prajapati JB (2013) Food and health applications of exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria. Adv Dairy Res 1:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Torino MI, Font de Valdez G, Mozzi F (2015) Biopolymers from lactic acid bacteria. Novel applications if foods and beverages. Front Microbiol 6:834. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00834

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Ryan PM, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Caplice NM, Stanton C (2015) Sugar coated: exopolysaccharide producing lactic acid bacteria for food and human health applications. Food and Function 6:679–693

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zannini E, Waters DM, Coffey A, Arendt EK (2016) Production, properties, and industrial food application of lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100:1121–1135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Baruah R, Das D, Goyal A (2016) Heteropolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria: Current trends and applications. J Prob Health 4:141. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mende S, Rohm H, Jaros D (2016) Influence of exopolysaccharides on the structure, texture, stability and sensory properties of yogurt and related products. Int Dairy J 52:57–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Lynch KM, Zannini E, Coffey A, Arendt EK (2018) Lactic acid bacteria exopolysaccharides in foods and beverages: isolation, properties, characterization, and health benefits. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 9:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Welman AD, Maddox IS (2003) Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria: perspectives and challenges. Trends in Biotechnol 21:269–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mozzi F, Van Ingelgem F, Hébert EM, van der Meulen R, Foulquié-Moreno MR, Font de Valdez G, De Vuyst L (2006) Diversity of heteropolysaccharides-producing lactic acid bacterium strains and their biopolymers. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:4431–4435

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Laws A, Gu Y, Marshall V (2001) Biosynthesis, characterization, and design of bacterial exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 19:597–625

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Monsan P, Bozonnet S, Albenne C, Joucla G, Willemot RM, Remaud-Simeon M (2001) Homopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria. Int Dairy J 11:675–685

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Galle S, Schwab C, Arendt EK, Gänzle MG (2011) Structural and rheological characterisation of heteropolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria in wheat and sorghum sourdough. Food Microbiol 28:547–553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang J, Zhao X, Yang Y, Zhao A, Yang Z (2015) Characterization and bioactivities of an exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus plantarum YW32. Int J Biol Macromol 74:119–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Nácher-Vázquez M, Ballesteros N, Canales A, Rodriguez Saint-Jean S, Pérez-Prieto A, Aznar R, López P (2015) Dextrans produced by lactic acid bacteria exhibit antiviral and immunomodulatory activity against salmonid viruses. Carbohydr Polym 124:292–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Caggianiello G, Kleerebezem M, Spano G (2016) Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria: from health-promoting benefits to stress tolerance mechanisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100:3877–3886

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Van Geel-Schutten GH, Faber EJ, Smit E, Bonting K, Smith MR, ten Brink B, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JFG, Dijkhuizen L (1999) Biochemical and structural characterization of the glucan and fructan exopolysaccharides synthesized by the Lactobacillus reuteri wild-type strain and by mutant strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3008–3014

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Van Leeuwen SS, Kralj S, Van Geel-Schutten IH, Gerwig GJ, Dijkhuizen L, Kamerling JP (2008a) Structural analysis of the α-D-glucan (EPS180) produced by the Lactobacillus reuteri strain 180 glucansucrase GTF180 enzyme. Carbohydr Res 343:1237–1250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Leemhuis H, Pijning T, Dobruchowska JM, Van Leeuwen SS, Kralj S, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L (2013) Glucansucrases: Three-dimensional structures, reactions, mechanism, α-glucan analysis and their implications in biotechnology and food applications. J Biotechnol 163:250–272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dertli E, Colquhoun IJ, Côté GL, Le Gall G, Narbad A (2018) Structural analysis of the α-D-glucan produced by the sourdough isolate Lactobacillus brevis E25. Food Chem 242:45–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Leo F, Hashida S, Kumagai D, Uchida K, Motoshima H, Arai I, Asakuma S, Fukuda K, Urashima T (2007) Studies on a neutral exopolysaccharide of Lactobacillus fermentum TDS030603. J Appl Glycosci 54:223–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gerwig GJ, Dobruchowska JM, Shi T, Urashima T, Fukuda K (2013) Structure determination of the exopolysaccharide of lactobacillus fermentum TDS030603 – A revision. Carbohydr Res 378:84–90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Aryantini NPD, Prajapati JB, Urashima T, Fukuda K (2017) Complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus fermentum MTCC 25067 (formerly TDS030603), a viscous exopolysaccharide-producing strain isolated from Indian fermented milk. Genome Announc 5(13):e00091-e00017

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kamerling JP, Gerwig GJ (2007) Strategies for structural analysis of carbohydrates. In: Kamerling JP, Boons GJ, Lee YC, Suzuki A, Taniguchi N, Voragen AGJ (eds) Comprehensive glycoscience—from chemistry to systems biology, Vol. 1. Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, pp1-68

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cataldi TR, Campa C, De Benedetto GE (2000) Carbohydrate analysis by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection: the potential is still growing. Fresenius J Anal Chem 368:739–758

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Gerwig GJ, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JFG (1978) Determination of the D and L configuration of neutral monosaccharides by high-resolution capillary GLC. Carbohydr Res 62:349–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gerwig GJ, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JFG (1979) Determination of the absolute configuration of monosaccharides in complex carbohydrates by capillary GLC. Carbohydr Res 77:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Vliegenthart JFG, Kamerling JP (2007) 1H NMR structural-reporter-group concepts in carbohydrate analysis. In: JP Kamerling, GJ Boons, YC Lee, A Suzuki, N Taniguchi, AGJ Voragen, (Eds.), Comprehensive glycoscience—from chemistry to systems biology, Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, pp133-191

    Google Scholar 

  38. Van Leeuwen SS, Leeflang BR, Gerwig GJ, Kamerling JP (2008b) Development of a 1H NMR structural-reporter-group concept for the primary structural characterization of α-D-glucans. Carbohydr Res 343:1114–1119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Ciucanu I, Kerek F (1984) A simple and rapid method for the permethylation of carbohydrate. Carbohydr Res 131:209–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Fontana C, Li S, Yang Z, Widmalm G (2015) Structural studies of the exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus plantarum C88 using NMR spectroscopy and the program CASPER. Carbohydr Res 402:87–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Lundborg M, Widmalm G (2011) Structural analysis of glycans by NMR chemical shift prediction. Anal Chem 83:1514–1517

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Lundborg M, Fontana C, Widmalm G (2001) Automatic structure determination of regular polysaccharides based solely on NMR spectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 12:3851–3855

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Gerrit J. Gerwig

Authors
  1. Gerrit J. Gerwig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gerrit J. Gerwig .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Management, Miyagi University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Makoto Kanauchi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Gerwig, G.J. (2019). Structural Analysis of Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria. In: Kanauchi, M. (eds) Lactic Acid Bacteria. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1887. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8907-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8907-2_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8906-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8907-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation