Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled to quantitative real-time PCR (ChIP-qPCR) or Next-Generation Sequencing (ChIP-seq) enables us to study the dynamics of chromatin recruitment of transcription factors (TFs). The popular model system Caenorhabditis elegans has provided us with fundamental understanding of the role of Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) in metabolism and aging. The FOXO TF DAF-16 is the major output of the pathway that regulates most of the phenotypes associated with the IIS pathway. Here, we describe a ChIP protocol to study FOXO recruitment dynamics in whole C. elegans extracts. We discuss detailed practical procedures, including optimization, growth, harvesting, formaldehyde fixation, sonication of worms, TF immunoprecipitation for further downstream processing using qPCR as well as NGS for the analysis of FOXO-bound DNA.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Walhout AJ (2006) Unraveling transcription regulatory networks by protein-DNA and protein-protein interaction mapping. Genome Res 16(12):1445–1454
Collas P, Dahl JA (2008) Chop it, ChIP it, check it: the current status of chromatin immunoprecipitation. Front Biosci 13(17):929–943
Das PM, Ramachandran K, vanWert J et al (2004) Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. BioTechniques 37(6):961–969
Gade P, Kalvakolanu DV (2012) Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay as a tool for analyzing transcription factor activity. Methods Mol Biol 809:85–104
Hoffman EA, Frey BL, Smith LM et al (2015) Formaldehyde crosslinking: a tool for the study of chromatin complexes. J Biol Chem 290(44):26404–26411
Sambrook J, Russell DW (2006) Fragmentation of DNA by sonication. CSH Protoc 2006(4):pdb.prot4538
Duband-Goulet I (2016) Lamin ChIP from chromatin prepared by micrococcal nuclease digestion. Methods Mol Biol 1411:325–339
Carey MF, Peterson CL, Smale ST (2009) Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2009(9):pdb.prot5279
Sambrook J, Russell DW (2006) Purification of nucleic acids by extraction with phenol:chloroform. CSH Protoc 2006(1):pdb.prot4455
Collas P (2010) The current state of chromatin immunoprecipitation. Mol Biotechnol 45(1):87–100
Kenyon C (2005) The plasticity of aging: insights from long-lived mutants. Cell 120(4):449–460
Mukhopadhyay A, Oh SW, Tissenbaum HA (2006) Worming pathways to and from DAF-16/FOXO. Exp Gerontol 41(10):928–934
Lin K, Hsin H, Libina N et al (2001) Regulation of the Caenorhabditis elegans longevity protein DAF-16 by insulin/IGF-1 and germline signaling. Nat Genet 28(2):139–145
Grishok A, Sharp PA (2005) Negative regulation of nuclear divisions in Caenorhabditis elegans by retinoblastoma and RNA interference-related genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(48):17360–17365
Whetstine JR, Ceron J, Ladd B et al (2005) Regulation of tissue-specific and extracellular matrix-related genes by a class I histone deacetylase. Mol Cell 18(4):483–490
Lee MH, Hook B, Lamont LB et al (2006) LIP-1 phosphatase controls the extent of germline proliferation in Caenorhabditis elegans. EMBO J 25(1):88–96
Ercan S, Giresi PG, Whittle CM et al (2007) X chromosome repression by localization of the C. elegans dosage compensation machinery to sites of transcription initiation. Nat Genet 39(3):403–408
Riedel CG, Dowen RH, Lourenco GF et al (2013) DAF-16/FOXO employs the chromatin remodeller SWI/SNF to promote stress resistance and longevity. Nat Cell Biol 15(5):491
Oh SW, Mukhopadhyay A, Dixit BL et al (2006) Identification of direct DAF-16 targets controlling longevity, metabolism and diapause by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Nat Genet 38(2):251–257
Mukhopadhyay A, Deplancke B, Walhout AJ et al (2008) Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled to detection by quantitative real-time PCR to study transcription factor binding to DNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Protoc 3(4):698–709
Kumar N, Jain V, Singh A et al (2015) Genome-wide endogenous DAF-16/FOXO recruitment dynamics during lowered insulin signalling in C. elegans. Oncotarget 6(39):41418–41433
Mikeska T, Dobrovic A (2009) Validation of a primer optimisation matrix to improve the performance of reverse transcription–quantitative real-time PCR assays. BMC Res Notes 2(1):112
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Kumar, N., Mukhopadhyay, A. (2019). Using ChIP-Based Approaches to Characterize FOXO Recruitment to its Target Promoters. In: Link, W. (eds) FOXO Transcription Factors. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1890. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8900-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8900-3_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8899-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8900-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols