Abstract
The integrin heterodimer CD49d/CD29 (a.k.a. Very Late Antigen-4, VLA-4) mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction through the binding of its ligands VCAM-1 and fibronectin. VLA-4 can be present on the cell surface at different conformation states that affect the binding affinity for the ligands. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), higher VLA-4 levels, as determined by measuring the expression of CD49d chain by flow cytometry, have been demonstrated to associate with a worse prognosis, in keeping with the role of VLA-4 as key molecule favoring CLL cell localization in protective niches of bone marrow and lymph nodes. Given the emerging clinical relevance of VLA-4 evaluation in CLL, both in the setting of the conventional chemo-immunotherapy and the novel drugs targeting the BCR pathway, here we describe the flow cytometric approaches followed by us to quantify the CD49d expression levels and the VLA-4 activation status in CLL cells.
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Acknowledgment
This work was supported in part by the Associazione Italiana Ricerca Cancro (AIRC), Investigator Grants IG-17622; Progetto Giovani Ricercatori no. GR-2011-02346826, Ministero della Salute (MdS), Rome, Italy; 5 × 1000_2010_MdS to the Centro di Riferimento Oncologico of Aviano; Ricerca clinica, traslazionale, di base, epidemiologica e organizzativa, Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia (“Linfo-Check” Project), Trieste, Italy; Associazione Italiana contro le Leucemie, linfomi e mielomi (AIL), Venezia Section, Pramaggiore Group, Italy; PMU research fund-FFF-E-17/25-130-HAH.
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Zucchetto, A., Tissino, E., Chigaev, A., Hartmann, T.N., Gattei, V. (2019). Methods for Investigating VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) Expression and Activation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Its Clinical Applications. In: Malek, S. (eds) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1881. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8876-1_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8876-1_8
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