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Sieve Elements: The Favourite Habitat of Phytoplasmas

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Phytoplasmas

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1875))

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Abstract

The sieve elements are the only plant compartments, where phytoplasmas can survive and propagate. Therefore, this chapter is focussed on the specific molecular and cell-biological properties of the sieve element. Sieve element-companion cell complexes arise from (pro)cambial mother cells induced by key genes known to be decisive for sieve-element differentiation. The special anatomy, cell biology, and plasma-membrane outfit of sieve elements allows them to act collectively as a tube system that is able to drive a mass flow against the flow induced by transpiration. Plasmodesmal corridors are vital for the translocation of photoassimilates and systemic signals and for survival of the enucleate sieve elements. Of paramount importance is the Ca2+-dependent gating of plasmodesmata by callose and proteins. Hence, some of the complex, regulatory mechanisms to maintain Ca2+ homoeostasis in sieve elements are presented. Finally, the peculiarities of the chemical and physical sieve-element environment offered to phytoplasmas are discussed.

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  1. Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

    Aart J. E. van Bel

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  1. Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

    Rita Musetti

  2. Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

    Laura Pagliari

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van Bel, A.J.E. (2019). Sieve Elements: The Favourite Habitat of Phytoplasmas. In: Musetti, R., Pagliari, L. (eds) Phytoplasmas. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1875. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8837-2_19

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