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Cancer Epigenetics for Precision Medicine pp 57–85Cite as

Epigenome-Based Precision Medicine in Lung Cancer

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1856))

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Despite significant advances in the early detection and treatment of the disease, the prognosis remains poor, with an overall 5-year survival rate ranging from 15% to 20%. This poor prognosis results largely from early micrometastatic spread of cancer cells to nearby lymph nodes or tissues and partially from early recurrence after curative surgical resection. Recently, precision medicines that target potential oncogenic driver mutations have been approved to treat lung cancer. However, some lung cancer patients do not have targetable mutations, and many patients develop resistance to targeted therapy. Tumor heterogeneity and mutational density are also challenges in treating lung cancer, which underscores the need for developing alternative therapeutic strategies for treating lung cancer. Epigenetic therapy may circumvent the problems of tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance by affecting the expression of several hundred target genes. This review highlights precision medicine using an innovative approach of epigenetic priming prior to conventional standard therapy or targeted cancer therapy in lung cancer.

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Abbreviations

5-Aza-dC:

5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine

DNMT:

DNA methyltransferase

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EMT:

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

miRNA:

MicroRNA

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

ORR:

Overall response rate

OS:

Overall survival

PFS:

Progression-free survival

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea

    Dongho Kim & Duk-Hwan Kim

  2. Samsung Medical Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

    Duk-Hwan Kim

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  1. Dongho Kim
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    Ramona G. Dumitrescu

  2. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Mukesh Verma

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Kim, D., Kim, DH. (2018). Epigenome-Based Precision Medicine in Lung Cancer. In: Dumitrescu, R., Verma, M. (eds) Cancer Epigenetics for Precision Medicine . Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1856. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8751-1_4

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