Skip to main content

Direct Immunodetection of Antigens Within the Precast Polyacrylamide Gel

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
  • 2306 Accesses

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1853))

Abstract

Western blotting is one of the few basic techniques widely used in the study of proteins in life science research. Despite its prevalence, the procedure has remained practically unchanged for more than 20 years. Although the method is viewed as being error-prone and as requiring excessive hands-on time, it is still widely accepted because it provides sensitive and direct information about the protein characteristics. The process is attractive to researchers because it reduces the investment in instrumentation and set up. Here we describe a procedure that eliminates the transfer step of western blotting and allows for antigen detection directly within the polyacrylamide gel, thus minimizing the investment necessary for setting up western blotting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Towbin H, Staehlin T, Gordon J (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to NC sheets: procedure and applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76:4350–4354

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Renart J, Reiser J, Stark GR (1979) Transfer of proteins from gels to diaobenzyloxymethyl paper and detection with anti-sera: a method for studying antibody specificity and antigen structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76:3116–3120

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Burridge K (1976) Changes in cellular glycoproteins after transformation: identification of specific glycoproteins and antigens in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 73:4457–4461

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Rosta JA, Kelly PT, Colman CW (1977) The identification of membrane glycol components in polyacrylamide gels. A rapid method using 125I-labeled lectins. Anal Biochem 80:366–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Olden K, Yamada KM (1977) Direct detection of antigens in sodium dodeca sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 78:483–490

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Adair WS, Jurivich D, Goodenough US (1978) Localization of cellular antigens in sodium dodeca sulfate polyacrylamide gels. J Cell Biol 78:281–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gersten DM (1996) In: Rickwood D (ed) Gel electrophoresis: proteins. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lin W, Kasamatsu H (1983) On electrophoresis of polypeptides from gels to nitrocellulose membranes. Anal Biochem 128:302–311

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Den Hollander N, Befus D (1989) Loss of antigens from immunoblotting membranes. J Immunol Methods 122:129–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Shainoff J, Valenzuela R, Graor R, Urbanic D, DiBello P (1990) Electrophoretic characterization of cross-linked fibrinogen derivatives in blood and vascular tissue by zonal immobilization on glyoxyl agarose. Adv Exp Med Biol 281(1990):73–81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Shainoff JR (1993) Electrophoresis and direct immunodetection on glyoxyl agarose and polyacrylamide composites. Adv Electrophoresis 6:64–177

    Google Scholar 

  12. Desai S, Dworecki B, Cichon E (2001) Direct immunodetection of antigens within the precast polyacrylamide gel. Anal Biochem 297:94–98

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Desai S, Dworecki B, Undesser LP, Wolf B, Krohn R (2005) Alternative to western blotting. In: Recent Res Dev Anal Biochem, vol 4, pp 17–33

    Google Scholar 

  14. Roberts KF, Ensrud KM, Hamilton HW (2002) A comparative analysis of expression and processing of the rat epdidylmal fluid and sperm-bound forms of protein D and E. Biol Reprod 67:525–533

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Desai S, Dworecki B, Cichon E (2002) Detection of antigens within the polyacrylamide gel. In: Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence: progress and current applications, vol 413–416. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, Singapore, pp 19.7.1–19.7.10

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mathews ST, Plaisance EP, Kim T (2009) Imaging systems for westerns: chemiluminescence vs. infrared detection. Methods Mol Biol 536:499–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-542-8_51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Theisen MJ, Chiu ML (2004) In-gel immunochemical detection of proteins that transfer poorly to membranes. LI-COR Biosciences, Nebraska

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hagan AK, Zuchner T (2011) Lanthanide-based time-resolved luminescence immunoassays. Anal Bioanal Chem 400:2847–2864 Homepage

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Town SC, Putman CT, Turchinsky NJ, Dixon WT, Foxcroft GR (2004) Number of conceptuses in utero affects porcine fetal muscle development. Reproduction 128:443–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. De Ioannes P, Moltedo B, Oliva H, Pacheco R, Faunes F, De Ioannes AE, Becker MI (2004) Hemocyanin of the molluscan Concholepas concholepas exhibits an unusual heterodecameric array of subunits. J Biol Chem 279:26134–26142

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Surbhi Desai .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Desai, S., Dworecki, B.R., Nlend, M.C. (2018). Direct Immunodetection of Antigens Within the Precast Polyacrylamide Gel. In: Kurien, B., Scofield, R. (eds) Protein Gel Detection and Imaging. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1853. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8745-0_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8745-0_23

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8744-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8745-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics