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Use of the LLNA:BrdU-ELISA for Skin Sensitization Hazard Assessment

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Immunotoxicity Testing

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1803))

Abstract

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) continues to be an occupational and environmental health issue. Consequently, there is a need to employ predictive tests to reduce the incidence of skin sensitization leading to clinical manifestations of ACD. For more than a decade, the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been the method of choice for the identification of skin sensitizers. While the original LLNA protocol has been extensively evaluated and subjected to exhaustive validation, the use of radioisotope (i.e., tritiated thymidine; 3HTdR) has discouraged utilization of this powerful assay in some countries. To promote further utilization of this method, the original LLNA protocol was refined to use 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine, a nonradioactive analog of 3HTdR. The LLNA:BrdU-ELISA has been reviewed, validated, and approved for use internationally, and its performance is regarded as equivalent to the traditional LLNA. Here, we provide guidance on how to perform and interpret data from this assay.

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Disclaimer

This chapter has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names of commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Triangle Park, NC, USA

    David M. Lehmann

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  1. David M. Lehmann
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Correspondence to David M. Lehmann .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

    Jamie C. DeWitt

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

    Cheryl E. Rockwell

  3. Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Christal C. Bowman

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Lehmann, D.M. (2018). Use of the LLNA:BrdU-ELISA for Skin Sensitization Hazard Assessment. In: DeWitt, J., Rockwell, C., Bowman, C. (eds) Immunotoxicity Testing. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1803. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8549-4_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8549-4_8

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8548-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8549-4

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