Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has long been exploited as a robust biological scaffold for organic/inorganic modification owing to its anisotropic structure and chemically addressable amino acid residues on both the exterior and interior. We present the fabrication of a crystalline microporous metal–organic framework (MOF) shell on the exterior of TMV, which retains its rod-like morphology, and produces uniformly formed core–shell structures with high accessible surface area and pore volume. We also describe an exfoliation method that can recover the intact viral particle from the core–shell composite.
Key words
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Belowich ME, Valente C, Stoddart JF (2010) Template-directed syntheses of rigid oligorotaxanes under thermodynamic control. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:7208–7212
Fan XZ, Pomerantseva E, Gnerlich M et al (2013) Tobacco mosaic virus: a biological building block for micro/nano/bio systems. J Vac Sci Technol A 31:050815
Schlick TL, Ding Z, Kovacs EW et al (2005) Dual-surface modification of the tobacco mosaic virus. J Am Chem Soc 127:3718–3723
Shenton W, Douglas T, Young M et al (1999) Inorganic–organic nanotube composites from template mineralization of tobacco mosaic virus. Adv Mater 11:253–256
Shukla S, Eber FJ, Nagarajan AS et al (2015) The impact of aspect ratio on the biodistribution and tumor homing of rigid soft-matter nanorods. Adv Healthc Mater 4:874–882
Bruckman MA, Randolph LN, Gulati NM et al (2015) Silica-coated Gd(DOTA)-loaded protein nanoparticles enable magnetic resonance imaging of macrophages. J Mater Chem B 3:7503–7510
Dujardin E, Peet C, Stubbs G et al (2003) Organization of metallic nanoparticles using tobacco mosaic virus templates. Nano Lett 3:413–417
Knez M, Sumser M, Bittner AM et al (2004) Spatially selective nucleation of metal clusters on the tobacco mosaic virus. Adv Funct Mater 14:116–124
Pomerantseva E, Gerasopoulos K, Chen X et al (2012) Electrochemical performance of the nanostructured biotemplated V2O5 cathode for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 206:282–287
Royston E, Ghosh A, Kofinas P et al (2008) Self-assembly of virus-structured high surface area nanomaterials and their application as battery electrodes. Langmuir 24:906–912
Yaghi OM, O'Keeffe M, Ockwig NW et al (2003) Reticular synthesis and the design of new materials. Nature 423:705–714
Liang K, Ricco R, Doherty CM et al (2015) Biomimetic mineralization of metal-organic frameworks as protective coatings for biomacromolecules. Nat Commun 6:7240
Chulkaivalsucharit P, Wu X, Ge J (2015) Synthesis of enzyme-embedded metal-organic framework nanocrystals in reverse micelles. RSC Adv 5:101293–101296
Wu X, Ge J, Yang C et al (2015) Facile synthesis of multiple enzyme-containing metal-organic frameworks in a biomolecule-friendly environment. Chem Commun 51:13408–13411
Wu X, Yang C, Ge J et al (2015) Polydopamine tethered enzyme/metal-organic framework composites with high stability and reusability. Nanoscale 7:18883–18886
Liang K, Coghlan CJ, Bell SG et al (2016) Enzyme encapsulation in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks: a comparison between controlled co-precipitation and biomimetic mineralisation. Chem Commun 52:473–476
Lyu F, Zhang Y, Zare RN et al (2014) One-pot synthesis of protein-embedded metal–organic frameworks with enhanced biological activities. Nano Lett 14:5761–5765
Shieh F-K, Wang S-C, Yen C-I et al (2015) Imparting functionality to biocatalysts via embedding enzymes into nanoporous materials by a de novo approach: size-selective sheltering of catalase in metal–organic framework microcrystals. J Am Chem Soc 137:4276–4279
Liang K, Richardson JJ, Cui J et al (2016) Metal–organic framework coatings as cytoprotective exoskeletons for living cells. Adv Mater 28:7910–7914
Li S, Dharmarwardana M, Welch RP et al (2016) Template-directed synthesis of porous and protective core–shell bionanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:10691–10696
Peng Y, Krungleviciute V, Eryazici I et al (2013) Methane storage in metal–organic frameworks: current records, surprise findings, and challenges. J Am Chem Soc 135:11887–11894
Gándara F, Furukawa H, Lee S et al (2014) High methane storage capacity in aluminum metal–organic frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 136:5271–5274
Karagiaridi O, Lalonde MB, Bury W et al (2012) Opening ZIF-8: a catalytically active zeolitic imidazolate framework of sodalite topology with unsubstituted linkers. J Am Chem Soc 134:18790–18796
He C, Lu K, Liu D et al (2014) Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks for the co-delivery of cisplatin and pooled siRNAs to enhance therapeutic efficacy in drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. J Am Chem Soc 136:5181–5184
Park KS, Ni Z, Côté AP et al (2006) Exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:10186–10191
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the generous assistance we received from Professor Gerald Stubbs and Professor Nicole F. Steinmetz when starting our group for providing N. benthamiana seeds and TMV stock solutions. We would have been unable to conduct this research without the assistance they provided when others declined.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Li, S., Gassensmith, J.J. (2018). Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks on Tobacco Mosaic Virus Templates. In: Udit, A. (eds) Protein Scaffolds. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1798. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7893-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7893-9_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7892-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7893-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols