Abstract
Myelinated fibers are essential for the rapid and efficient propagation of nerve information throughout the body. These fibers result from an intimate crosstalk between myelinating glia and the myelinated axons and, because it is difficult to fully reproduce these interactions in vitro, the basic molecular mechanisms that regulate myelination, demyelination, and remyelination remain unclear. Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and remain associated with the axons of peripheral neurons throughout axonal migration to the target. In order to investigate more closely the biology of myelinated fibers, we developed a local transgenesis approach based on the injection of engineered viral vectors in the sciatic nerve of mice to locally transduce peripheral nerve cells. This approach represents an alternative to germline modifications as it facilitates and speed up the investigation of peripheral nerve biology in vivo. Indeed the protocol we describe here requires just 3 weeks to complete. The injection of engineered viral vectors in the sciatic nerve of mice is a reproducible and straightforward method for introducing exogenous factors into myelinating Schwann cells and myelinated axons in vivo in order to investigate specific molecular mechanisms.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Suter U, Scherer SS (2003) Disease mechanisms in inherited neuropathies. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:714–726. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1196
McGoldrick P, Joyce PI, Fisher EMC, Greensmith L (2013) Rodent models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1832:1421–1436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.03.012
Höke A (2012) Animal models of peripheral neuropathies. Neurotherapeutics 9:262–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-012-0116-y
Davey RA, MacLean HE (2006) Current and future approaches using genetically modified mice in endocrine research. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291:E429. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00124.2006
Joung JK, Sander JD (2013) TALENs: a widely applicable technology for targeted genome editing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 14:49–55. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3486
Sung YH, Baek I-J, Seong JK et al (2012) Mouse genetics: catalogue and scissors. BMB Rep 45:686–692
Sherman DL, Brophy PJ (2005) Mechanisms of axon ensheathment and myelin growth. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:683–690. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1743
Viader A, Sasaki Y, Kim S et al (2013) Aberrant Schwann cell lipid metabolism linked to mitochondrial deficits leads to axon degeneration and neuropathy. Neuron 77:886–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.01.012
Nave K-A (2010) Myelination and support of axonal integrity by glia. Nature 468:244–252. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09614
Cotter L, Ozçelik M, Jacob C et al (2010) Dlg1-PTEN interaction regulates myelin thickness to prevent damaging peripheral nerve overmyelination. Science 328:1415–1418. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1187735
Ozçelik M, Cotter L, Jacob C et al (2010) Pals1 is a major regulator of the epithelial-like polarization and the extension of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves. J Neurosci 30:4120–4131. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5185-09.2010
Fernando RN, Cotter L, Perrin-Tricaud C et al (2016) Optimal myelin elongation relies on YAP activation by axonal growth and inhibition by Crb3/hippo pathway. Nat Commun 7:12186. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12186
Perrin-Tricaud C, Rutishauser U, Tricaud N (2007) P120 catenin is required for thickening of Schwann cell myelin. Mol Cell Neurosci 35:120–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2007.02.010
Tricaud N, Perrin-Tricaud C, Brusés JL, Rutishauser U (2005) Adherens junctions in myelinating Schwann cells stabilize Schmidt-Lanterman incisures via recruitment of p120 catenin to E-cadherin. J Neurosci 25:3259–3269. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5168-04.2005
Glatzel M, Flechsig E, Navarro B et al (2000) Adenoviral and adeno-associated viral transfer of genes to the peripheral nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:442–447
Guénard V, Schweitzer B, Flechsig E et al (1999) Effective gene transfer of lacZ and P0 into Schwann cells of P0-deficient mice. Glia 25:165–178
He T-C, Zhou S, da Costa LT et al (1998) A simplified system for generating recombinant adenoviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci 95:2509–2514
Acknowledgements
N.T. is grateful for the support of European research council (FP7-IDEAS-ERC 311610) and ATIP-Avenir program. R.F. work was supported by Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale and the Marie-Curie fellowship program. G.H. work has benefited from support by the Labex EpiGenMed.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Van Hameren, G., Gonzalez, S., Fernando, R.N., Perrin-Tricaud, C., Tricaud, N. (2018). In Vivo Introduction of Transgenes into Mouse Sciatic Nerve Cells Using Viral Vectors. In: Woodhoo, A. (eds) Myelin. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1791. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7862-5_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7862-5_21
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7861-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7862-5
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols