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Bipolar Disorders

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Brain Morphometry

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 136))

Abstract

In the last decades, researchers put their efforts in searching for specific biomarkers to make the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders more accurate, to better profile psychiatric patients, and, essentially, to improve their response to treatment and their outcome. This is particularly important in the field of bipolar disorders (BDs), which are severe and chronic disorders with polymorphic clinical manifestations that may be the expression of different underlying neurobiological alterations.

Currently, neuroimaging techniques are considered an essential tool for the noninvasive evaluation of putative brain dysfunctions of these patients. Neuroimaging studies aim to find brain alterations associated with the diagnosis of BD or with some psychopathological dimensions (such as mood lability, emotional instability, etc.) specific of BD patients. These findings should improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disorder and may become potential targets of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment (i.e., neurocognitive rehabilitation).

This chapter aims at providing an exhaustive review of the studies on brain morphology in bipolar disorder in order to better characterize it from a neurobiological point of view, thus providing a comprehensive background for further research on this topic.

Structural abnormalities were found in regions pertaining to specific networks postulated as vulnerable in BD. Specifically, alterations in the neocortical areas of the brain, in particular the frontotemporal circuit, and in subcortical areas of the brain have been identified.

In general, the findings suggest that it is necessary to consider large-scale neural circuitries more than specific brain structures to understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying BD. Moreover, our review points up the need for longitudinal studies that might better investigate, and cast light on, these issues.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Delfina Janiri, Elisa Ambrosi, Emanuela Danese, Isabella Panaccione, Alessio Simonetti & Gabriele Sani

  2. School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy

    Delfina Janiri, Elisa Ambrosi, Emanuela Danese, Isabella Panaccione, Alessio Simonetti & Gabriele Sani

  3. Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy

    Isabella Panaccione, Alessio Simonetti & Gabriele Sani

Authors
  1. Delfina Janiri
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  2. Elisa Ambrosi
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  3. Emanuela Danese
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  4. Isabella Panaccione
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  5. Alessio Simonetti
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  6. Gabriele Sani
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gabriele Sani .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Rome, Italy

    Gianfranco Spalletta

  2. Division of Neuropsychiatry Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

    Fabrizio Piras

  3. IMT School for Advanced Studies–Lucca, Lucca, Italy

    Tommaso Gili

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Janiri, D., Ambrosi, E., Danese, E., Panaccione, I., Simonetti, A., Sani, G. (2018). Bipolar Disorders. In: Spalletta, G., Piras, F., Gili, T. (eds) Brain Morphometry. Neuromethods, vol 136. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7647-8_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7647-8_20

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7645-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7647-8

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