Abstract
Goldmann kinetic perimetry is a commonly used method of evaluating the peripheral visual field. Ongoing gene therapy trials have targeted the central retina, but have nonetheless often included Goldmann kinetic perimetry as part of extensive preinterventional and postinterventional assessment. Future gene therapy trials may target the entire retina through intravitreal injections, as have drug therapeutic trials, further necessitating the evaluation of function across the entire retina. In the following pages, we will briefly review the necessary steps to perform and quantify the visual field, using the conventional Goldmann perimeter and the Field Digitizer software (version 4.20; Johns Hopkins Technology Ventures, Baltimore, USA), respectively.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsSpringer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more
References
Berson EL, Sandberg MA, Rosner B et al (1985) Natural course of retinitis pigmentosa over a three-year interval. Am J Ophthalmol 99:240–251
Grover S, Fishman GA, Anderson RJ et al (1997) Rate of visual field loss in retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmology 104:460–465
Bainbridge J, Mehat MS, Sundaram V et al (2015) Long-term effect of gene therapy on Leber’s congenital amaurosis. N Engl J Med 372:1887–1897
Bennett J, Wellman J, Marshall KA et al (2016) Safety and durability of effect of contralateral-eye administration of AAV2 gene therapy in patients with childhood-onset blindness caused by RPE65 mutations: a follow-on phase 1 trial. Lancet 388:661–672
Talib M, van Schooneveld MJ, van Genderen MM et al (2017) Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of CRB1-associated retinal dystrophies: a long-term follow-up study. Ophthalmology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.01.047
Pierrache LH, Hartel BP, van Wijk E et al (2016) Visual prognosis in USH2A-associated retinitis pigmentosa is worse for patients with usher syndrome type IIa than for those with nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmology 123:1151–1160
Rowe F (2016) Visual fields via the visual pathway, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
MacLaren RE, Groppe M, Barnard AR et al (2014) Retinal gene therapy in patients with choroideremia: initial findings from a phase 1/2 clinical trial. Lancet 383:1129–1137
Maguire AM, Simonelli F, Pierce EA et al (2008) Safety and efficacy of gene transfer for Leber’s congenital amaurosis. N Engl J Med 358:2240–2248
Pellissier LP, Quinn PM, Alves CH et al (2015) Gene therapy into photoreceptors and Muller glial cells restores retinal structure and function in CRB1 retinitis pigmentosa mouse models. Hum Mol Genet 24:3104–3118
Wassmer SJ, Carvalho LS, György B et al (2017) Exosome-associated AAV2 vector mediates robust gene delivery into the murine retina upon intravitreal injection. Sci Rep 7:45329
Koenekoop RK, Sui R, Sallum J et al (2014) Oral 9-cis retinoid for childhood blindness due to Leber congenital amaurosis caused by RPE65 or LRAT mutations: an open-label phase 1b trial. Lancet 384:1513–1520
Dagnelie G (1990) Conversion of planimetric visual field data into solid angles and retinal areas. Clin Vis Sci 5:95–100
Zahid S, Peeler C, Khan N et al (2014) Digital quantification of Goldmann visual fields (GVFs) as a means for genotype-phenotype comparisons and detection of progression in retinal degenerations. Adv Exp Med Biol 801:131–137
Odaka T, Fujisawa K, Akazawa K et al (1992) A visual field quantification system for the Goldmann Perimeter. J Med Syst 16:161–169
Trost DC, Woolson RF, Hayreh SS (1979) Quantification of visual fields for statistical analysis. Arch Ophthalmol 97:2175–2180
Linstone FA, Heckenlively JR, Solish AM (1982) The use of planimetry in the quantitative analysis of visual fields. Glaucoma 4:17–19
Barry MP, Bittner AK, Yang L et al (2016) Variability and errors of manually digitized Goldmann visual fields. Optom Vis Sci 93:720–730
Bittner AK, Iftikhar MH, Dagnelie G (2011) Test-retest, within-visit variability of Goldmann visual fields in retinitis pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:8042–8046
Barton JS, Benatar M (2003) Field of vision: a manual and atlas of perimetry, 1st edn. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. 335p
Koller G, Haas A, Zulauf M et al (2001) Influence of refractive correction on peripheral visual field in static perimetry. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 239:759–762
Johnson CA, Keltner JL (1987) Optimal rates of movement for kinetic perimetry. Arch Ophthalmol 105:73–75
Rowe FJ, Rowlands A (2014) Comparison of diagnostic accuracy between Octopus 900 and Goldmann kinetic visual fields. Biomed Res Int 2014:214829
Ramirez AM, Chaya CJ, Gordon LK et al (2008) A comparison of semiautomated versus manual Goldmann kinetic perimetry in patients with visually significant glaucoma. J Glaucoma 17:111–117
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Talib, M., Dagnelie, G., Boon, C.J.F. (2018). Recording and Analysis of Goldmann Kinetic Visual Fields. In: Boon, C., Wijnholds, J. (eds) Retinal Gene Therapy. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1715. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7522-8_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7522-8_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7521-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7522-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols