Abstract
Due to the multitude of cell types involved in the differentiation of plasma cells during the germinal center reaction, and due to a lack of in vitro systems, which recapitulate germinal centers, the most suitable way to study plasma cell generation in germinal centers is in vivo. In this chapter we describe how to induce humoral immune responses to defined model antigens and how to visualize and track plasma cells and their interactions with other cells in the lymph nodes of living mice.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Mempel TR, Scimone ML, Mora JR, von Andrian UH (2004) In vivo imaging of leukocyte trafficking in blood vessels and tissues. Curr Opin Immunol 16(4):406–417. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2004.05.018
Allen CD, Okada T, Tang HL, Cyster JG (2007) Imaging of germinal center selection events during affinity maturation. Science 315(5811):528–531. doi:10.1126/science.1136736
Fooksman DR, Schwickert TA, Victora GD, Dustin ML, Nussenzweig MC, Skokos D (2010) Development and migration of plasma cells in the mouse lymph node. Immunity 33(1):118–127. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.06.015
Kallies A, Hasbold J, Tarlinton DM, Dietrich W, Corcoran LM, Hodgkin PD, Nutt SL (2004) Plasma cell ontogeny defined by quantitative changes in blimp-1 expression. J Exp Med 200(8):967–977. doi:10.1084/jem.20040973
Srinivas S, Watanabe T, Lin CS, William CM, Tanabe Y, Jessell TM, Costantini F (2001) Cre reporter strains produced by targeted insertion of EYFP and ECFP into the ROSA26 locus. BMC Dev Biol 1:4
Luche H, Weber O, Nageswara Rao T, Blum C, Fehling HJ (2007) Faithful activation of an extra-bright red fluorescent protein in “knock-in” Cre-reporter mice ideally suited for lineage tracing studies. Eur J Immunol 37(1):43–53. doi:10.1002/eji.200636745
Herz J, Siffrin V, Hauser AE, Brandt AU, Leuenberger T, Radbruch H, Zipp F, Niesner RA (2010) Expanding two-photon intravital microscopy to the infrared by means of optical parametric oscillator. Biophys J 98(4):715–723. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2009.10.035
Bubnic SJ, Nagy A, Keating A (2005) Donor hematopoietic cells from transgenic mice that express GFP are immunogenic in immunocompetent recipients. Hematology 10(4):289–295. doi:10.1080/10245330500093468
Hauser AE, Junt T, Mempel TR, Sneddon MW, Kleinstein SH, Henrickson SE, von Andrian UH, Shlomchik MJ, Haberman AM (2007) Definition of germinal-center B cell migration in vivo reveals predominant intrazonal circulation patterns. Immunity 26(5):655–667. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2007.04.008
Roth K, Oehme L, Zehentmeier S, Zhang Y, Niesner R, Hauser AE (2014) Tracking plasma cell differentiation and survival. Cytometry A 85(1):15–24. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.22355
Aiba Y, Kometani K, Hamadate M, Moriyama S, Sakaue-Sawano A, Tomura M, Luche H, Fehling HJ, Casellas R, Kanagawa O, Miyawaki A, Kurosaki T (2010) Preferential localization of IgG memory B cells adjacent to contracted germinal centers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(27):12192–12197. doi:10.1073/pnas.1005443107
Kitano M, Okada T (2012) Four-dimensional tracking of lymphocyte migration and interactions in lymph nodes by two-photon microscopy. Methods Enzymol 506:437–454. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-391856-7.00047-0
Meijering E, Dzyubachyk O, Smal I (2012) Methods for cell and particle tracking. Methods Enzymol 504:183–200. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-391857-4.00009-4
Qi H, Cannons JL, Klauschen F, Schwartzberg PL, Germain RN (2008) SAP-controlled T-B cell interactions underlie germinal centre formation. Nature 455(7214):764–769. doi:10.1038/nature07345
Schwickert TA, Lindquist RL, Shakhar G, Livshits G, Skokos D, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Dustin ML, Nussenzweig MC (2007) In vivo imaging of germinal centres reveals a dynamic open structure. Nature 446(7131):83–87. doi:10.1038/nature05573
Lindquist RL, Shakhar G, Dudziak D, Wardemann H, Eisenreich T, Dustin ML, Nussenzweig MC (2004) Visualizing dendritic cell networks in vivo. Nat Immunol 5(12):1243–1250. doi:10.1038/ni1139
Acknowledgement
We would like to thank Raluca Niesner for support with intravital microscopy and Robert Günther and Ralf Uecker for excellent technical assistance. A.E.H is supported by grants from the DFG: TRR130 TP17, HA5354/6-1 (FOR2165) HA5354/8-1 and EXC 257 NeuroCure.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ulbricht, C., Lindquist, R.L., Tech, L., Hauser, A.E. (2017). Tracking Plasma Cell Differentiation in Living Mice with Two-Photon Microscopy. In: Calado, D. (eds) Germinal Centers. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1623. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7095-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7095-7_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7094-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7095-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols