Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most important vectors for arboviral human diseases across the world. Diseases such as Dengue Fever (DF), West Nile Virus (WNV), Yellow Fever (YF), Japanese Encephalitis (JE), Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE), and St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE), among others, have a deep impact in public health. Usually mosquitoes acquire the arboviral infection when they feed on viremic animals (birds or mammals), so their infection can be detected along the year or in short periods of time (seasons). All of this depends on the frequency and seasonality of the encounters between viremic animals and vectors.
With the convergence of several phenomena like the increasing traveling of human populations, globalization of economy and more recently the global warming, the introduction of nonendemic arbovirus into new areas has become the current scenario. As examples of this new social and environmental frame we can mention the outbreak of West Nile Virus in North America in the late 1990s and more recently the outbreaks of chikungunya and Zika virus in the Americas. The present chapter deals with one of the first steps in the development of research studies and diagnosis programs, the surveillance of arboviruses in their vectors, the sampling design and mosquito trapping methods. The chapter also includes some important considerations and tips to be taken into account during the mosquito fieldwork.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Shuman EK (2010) Global climate change and infectious diseases. N Engl J Med 362:1061–1063
Tami A, Grillet ME, Grobusch MP (2016) Applying Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to arboviral disease surveillance and control: a powerful tool. Travel Med Infect Dis 14:9–10. doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.01.002
Clements ACA, Pfeiffer DU (2009) Emerging viral zoonoses: frameworks for spatial and spatiotemporal risk assessment and resource planning. Vet J 182:21–30. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.05.010
de Melo DPO, Scherrer LR, Eiras ÁE (2012) Dengue fever occurrence and vector detection by larval survey, ovitrap and mosquiTRAP: a space-time clusters analysis. PLoS One. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042125
Van den Hurk AF, Nisbet DJ, Foley PN et al (2002) Isolation of arboviruses from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected from the Gulf Plains region of northwest Queensland, Australia. J Med Entomol 39:786–792. doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2002)039[0786:IOAFMD]2.0.CO;2
Van Den Hurk AF, Hall-Mendelin S, Johansen CA et al (2012) Evolution of mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance systems in Australia. J Biomed Biotechnol. doi:10.1155/2012/325659
Flies EJ, Toi C, Weinstein P et al (2015) Converting mosquito surveillance to arbovirus surveillance with honey-baited nucleic acid preservation cards. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 15:397–403. doi:10.1089/vbz.2014.1759
Konrad SK, Zou L, Miller SN (2013) A geographical information system-based web model of arbovirus transmission risk in the continental United States of America. Geospat Health 7:157–159
Lozano Fuentes S, Wedyan F, Hernandez Garcia E et al (2013) Cell phone-based system (Chaak) for surveillance of immatures of dengue virus mosquito vectors. J Med Entomol 50:879–889. doi:10.1603/ME13008
Faulde MK, Spiesberger M, Abbas B (2012) Sentinel site-enhanced near-real time surveillance documenting West Nile virus circulation in two Culex mosquito species indicating different transmission characteristics. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 42:461–474
Silver JB (2008) Mosquito ecology - field sampling methods, 2nd edn. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6666-5
Sánchez-Seco MP, Rosario D, Quiroz E et al (2001) A generic nested-RT-PCR followed by sequencing for detection and identification of members of the alphavirus genus. J Virol Methods 95:153–161. doi:10.1016/S0166-0934(01)00306-8
Conway MJ, Colpitts TM, Fikrig E (2014) Role of the vector in arbovirus transmission. Annu Rev Virol 1:71–88. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085513
Bryant JE, Crabtree MB, Nam VS et al (2005) Short report: isolation of arboviruses from mosquitoes collected in Northern Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73:470–473. [pii]: 73/2/470
Turell MJ, O’Guinn ML, Jones JW et al (2005) Isolation of viruses from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the Amazon Basin region of Peru. J Med Entomol 42:891–898. doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0891:IOVFMD]2.0.CO;2
Acuff VR (1976) Trap biases influencing mosquito collections. Mosq News 36:51–53
Hoyos-López R, Uribe Soto SI, Rúa-Uribe G, Gallego-Gómez JC (2015) Molecular identification of Saint Louis encephalitis virus genotype IV in Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 110:719–725. doi:10.1590/0074-02760280040
Hoyos-López R, Uribe Soto SI, Gallego-Gómez JC (2015) Evolutionary relationships of West Nile virus detected in mosquitoes from a migratory bird zone of Colombian Caribbean. Virol J 12:80. doi:10.1186/s12985-015-0310-8
Vázquez A, Sánchez-Seco M-P, Palacios G et al (2012) Novel flaviviruses detected in different species of mosquitoes in Spain. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 12:223–229. doi:10.1089/vbz.2011.0687
Sánchez-Seco MP, Rosario D, Domingo C et al (2005) Generic RT-nested-PCR for detection of flaviviruses using degenerated primers and internal control followed by sequencing for specific identification. J Virol Methods 126:101–109. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.01.025
Calzolari M, Zé-Zé L, Růžek D et al (2012) Detection of mosquito-only flaviviruses in Europe. J Gen Virol 93:1215–1225. doi:10.1099/vir.0.040485-0
Ritchie SA, van den Hurk AF, Zborowski P et al (2007) Operational trials of remote mosquito trap systems for Japanese encephalitis virus surveillance in the Torres Strait, Australia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7:497–506. doi:10.1089/vbz.2006.0643
Ritchie SA, Cortis G, Paton C et al (2013) A simple non-powered passive trap for the collection of mosquitoes for arbovirus surveillance. J Med Entomol 50:185–194. doi:10.1603/ME12112
Hall-Mendelin S, Ritchie SA, Johansen CA et al (2010) Exploiting mosquito sugar feeding to detect mosquito-borne pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107:11255–11259. doi:10.1073/pnas.1002040107
Ramesh D, Muniaraj M, Samuel PP et al (2015) Seasonal abundance & role of predominant Japanese encephalitis vectors Culex tritaeniorhynchus & Cx. gelidus Theobald in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. Indian J Med Res 142:23. doi:10.4103/0971-5916.176607
Mitchell CJ, Darsie RF Jr, Monath TP, Sabattini MS, Daffner J (1985) The use of an animal-baited net trap for collecting mosquitoes during western equine encephalitis investigations in Argentina. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1:43–47
Johnson BJ, Kerlin T, Hall-Mendelin S et al (2015) Development and field evaluation of the sentinel mosquito arbovirus capture kit (SMACK). Parasit Vectors 8:509. doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1114-9
Pezzin A, Sy V, Puggioli A et al (2016) Comparative study on the effectiveness of different mosquito traps in arbovirus surveillance with a focus on WNV detection. Acta Trop 153:93–100. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.002
Drago A, Marini F, Caputo B et al (2012) Looking for the gold standard: assessment of the effectiveness of four traps for monitoring mosquitoes in Italy. J Vector Ecol 37:117–123. doi:10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00208.x
L’Ambert G, Ferré JB, Schaffner F, Fontenille D (2012) Comparison of different trapping methods for surveillance of mosquito vectors of West Nile virus in Rhône Delta, France. J Vector Ecol 37:269–275. doi:10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00227.x
Panella NA, Crockett RJK, Biggerstaff BJ, Komar N (2016) Novel device for collecting resting mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 27:323–325. doi:10.2987/09-5900.1
Williams GM, Gingrich JB (2007) Comparison of light traps, gravid traps, and resting boxes for West Nile virus surveillance. J Vector Ecol 32:285–291
van den Hurk AF, Hall-Mendelin S, Townsend M, Kurucz N, Edwards J, Ehlers G, Rodwell C, Moore FA, McMahon JL, Northill JA, Simmons RJ, Cortis G, Melville L, Whelan PI, Ritchie SA (2014) Applications of a sugar-based surveillance system to track arboviruses in wild mosquito populations. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 14:66–73
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Paternina, L.E., Rodas, J.D. (2018). Sampling Design and Mosquito Trapping for Surveillance of Arboviral Activity. In: Salvato, M. (eds) Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1604. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6981-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6981-4_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6980-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6981-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols