Skip to main content
Book cover

Peroxisomes pp 113–130Cite as

Detection and Immunolabeling of Peroxisomal Proteins

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1595))

Abstract

Peroxisomes are essential organelles in mammals which contribute to cellular lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. The spectrum of their functions in human health and disease is far from being complete, and unexpected and novel roles of peroxisomes are being discovered. To date, those include novel biological roles in antiviral defence, as intracellular signaling platforms and as protective organelles in sensory cells. Furthermore, peroxisomes are part of a complex network of interacting subcellular compartments which involves metabolic cooperation, cross-talk and membrane contacts. As potentially novel peroxisomal proteins are continuously discovered, there is great interest in the verification of their peroxisomal localization. Here, we present protocols used successfully in our laboratory for the detection and immunolabeling of peroxisomal proteins in cultured mammalian cells. We present immunofluorescence and fluorescence-based techniques as well as reagents to determine peroxisome-specific targeting and localization of candidate proteins.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Schrader M, Costello J, Godinho LF, Azadi AS, Islinger M (2016) Proliferation and fission of peroxisomes—an update. Biochim Biophys Acta 1863:971–983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Wanders RJA, Waterham HR (2006) Biochemistry of mammalian peroxisomes revisited. Annu Rev Biochem 75:295–332

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Islinger M, Schrader M (2011) Quick guide peroxisomes. Curr Biol 21(19):R800–R801

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Dixit E, Boulant S, Zhang Y, Lee AS, Odendall C, Shum B, Hacohen N, Chen ZJ, Whelan SP, Fransen M, Nibert ML, Superti-Furga G, Kagan JC (2010) Peroxisomes are signaling platforms for antiviral innate immunity. Cell 141:668–681

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Diano S, Liu ZW, Jeong JK, Dietrich MO, Ruan HB, Kim E, Suyama S, Kelly K, Gyengesi E, Arbiser JL, Belsham DD, Sarruf DA, Schwartz MW, Bennett AM, Shanabrough M, Mobbs CV, Yang X, Gao XB, Horvath TL (2011) Peroxisome proliferation-associated control of reactive oxygen species sets melanocortin tone and feeding in diet-induced obesity. Nat Med 17(9):1121–1127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Fransen M, Nordgren M, Wang B, Apanasets O (2012) Role of peroxisomes in ROS/RNS-metabolism: implications for human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1822(9):1363–1373

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Mast FD, Rachubinski RA, Aitchison JD (2015) Signaling dynamics and peroxisomes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 35:131–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Delmaghani S, Defourny J, Aghaie A, Beurg M, Dulon D, Thelen N, Perfettini I, Zelles T, Aller M, Meyer A, Emptoz A, Giraudet F, Leibovici M, Dartevelle S, Soubigou G, Thiry M, Vizi ES, Safieddine S, Hardelin JP, Avan P, Petit C (2015) Hypervulnerability to sound exposure through impaired adaptive proliferation of peroxisomes. Cell 163(4):894–906

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Gronemeyer T, Wiese S, Ofman R, Bunse C, Pawlas M, Hayen H, Eisenacher M, Stephan C, Meyer HE, Waterham HR, Erdmann R, Wanders RJ, Warscheid B (2013) The proteome of human liver peroxisomes: identification of five new peroxisomal constituents by a label-free quantitative proteomics survey. PLoS One 8(2):e57395

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Wiese S, Gronemeyer T, Ofman R, Kunze M, Grou CP, Almeida JA, Eisenacher M, Stephan C, Hayen H, Schollenberger L, Korosec T, Waterham HR, Schliebs W, Erdmann R, Berger J, Meyer HE, Just W, Azevedo JE, Wanders RJ, Warscheid B (2007) Proteomics characterization of mouse kidney peroxisomes by tandem mass spectrometry and protein correlation profiling. Mol Cell Proteomics 6(12):2045–2057

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Islinger M, Lüers GH, Li KW, Loos M, Völkl A (2007) Rat liver peroxisomes after fibrate treatment. A survey using quantitative mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem 282(32):23055–23069

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Islinger M, Lüers GH, Zischka H, Ueffing M, Völkl A (2006) Insights into the membrane proteome of rat liver peroxisomes: microsomal glutathione-S-transferase is shared by both subcellular compartments. Proteomics 6(3):804–816

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Koch A, Thiemann M, Grabenbauer M, Yoon Y, McNiven MA, Schrader M (2003) Dynamin-like protein 1 is involved in peroxisomal fission. J Biol Chem 278:8597–8605

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Koch A, Yoon Y, Bonekamp NA, McNiven MA, Schrader M (2005) A role for Fis1 in both mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission in mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell 16(11):5077–5086

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Schrader M, Costello J, Godinho LF, Islinger M (2015) Peroxisome-mitochondria interplay and disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 38(4):681–702

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Schrader M, Godinho LF, Costello J, Islinger M (2015) The different facets of organelle interplay—an overview of organelle interactions. Front Cell Dev Biol 3:56

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Islinger M, Cardoso MJ, Schrader M (2010) Be different—the diversity of peroxisomes in the animal kingdom. Biochim Biophys Acta 1803:881–897

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Karnati S, Baumgart-Vogt E (2009) Peroxisomes in airway epithelia and future prospects of these organelles for pulmonary cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 131:447–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Dastig S, Nenicu A, Otte DM, Zimmer A, Seitz J, Baumgart-Vogt E, Luers GH (2011) Germ cells of male mice express genes for peroxisomal metabolic pathways implicated in the regulation of spermatogenesis and the protection against oxidative stress. Histochem Cell Biol 136:413–425

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Grzmil P, Burfeind C, Preuss T, Dixkens C, Wolf S, Engel W, Burfeind P (2007) The putative peroxisomal gene Pxt1 is exclusively expressed in the testis. Cytogenet Genome Res 119:74–82

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kaczmarek K, Niedzialkowska E, Studencka M, Schulz Y, Grzmil P (2009) Ccdc33, a predominantly testis-expressed gene, encodes a putative peroxisomal protein. Cytogenet Genome Res 126:243–252

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Camões F, Islinger M, Guimarães SC, Kilaru S, Schuster M, Godinho L, Steinberg G, Schrader M (2015) New insights into the peroxisomal protein inventory: Acyl-CoA oxidases and—dehydrogenases are an ancient feature of peroxisomes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1853(1):111–125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Schrader M, Baumgart E, Völkl A, Fahimi HD (1994) Heterogeneity of peroxisomes in human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2. Evidence of distinct subpopulations. Eur J Cell Biol 64:281–294

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Schrader M, Reuber BE, Morrell JC, Sanchez G-G, Obie C, Stroh TA, Valle D, Schroer TA, Gould SJ (1998) Expression of PEX11ß mediates peroxisome proliferation in the absence of extracellular stimuli. J Biol Chem 273:29607–29614

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Ivashchenko O, Van Veldhoven PP, Brees C, Ho YS, Terlecky SR, Fransen M (2011) Intraperoxisomal redox balance in mammalian cells: oxidative stress and interorganellar cross-talk. Mol Biol Cell 22:1440–1451

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Koch A, Schneider G, Luers GH, Schrader M (2004) Peroxisome elongation and constriction but not fission can occur independently of dynamin-like protein 1. J Cell Sci 117:3995–4006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Aroso M, Agricola B, Hacker C, Schrader M (2015) Proteoglycans support proper granule formation in pancreatic AR42J cells. Histochem Cell Biol 144(4):331–346

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Bonekamp N, Islinger M, Gomez-Lazaro M, Schrader M (2013) Cytochemical detection of peroxisomes and mitochondria. Methods Mol Biol 931:467–482

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Schrader M, Baumgart E, Fahimi HD (1995) Effects of fixation on the preservation of peroxisomal structures for immunofluorescence studies using HepG2 cells as a model system. Histochem J 27:615–619

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Peranen J, Rikkonen M, Kaariainen L (1993) A method for exposing hidden antigenic sites in paraformaldehyde-fixed cultured cells, applied to initially unreactive antibodies. J Histochem Cytochem 41:447–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Schrader M, Almeida M, Grille S (2012) Postfixation detergent treatment liberates the membrane modelling protein Pex11β from peroxisomal membranes. Histochem Cell Biol 138:541–547

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Dodt G, Gould SJ (1996) Multiple PEX genes are required for proper subcellular distribution and stability of Pex5p, the PTS1 receptor: evidence that PTS1 protein import is mediated by a cycling receptor. J Cell Biol 135:1763–1774

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wendland M, Subramani S (1993) Cytosol-dependent peroxisomal protein import in a permeabilized cell system. J Cell Biol 120(3):675–685

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank A. Manner for providing images for Fig. 1d. This work was supported by the Marie Curie Initial Training Network (ITN) action (FP7-2012-PERFUME-316723) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/K006231/1; BB/N01541X/1).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Schrader .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Schrader, T.A., Islinger, M., Schrader, M. (2017). Detection and Immunolabeling of Peroxisomal Proteins. In: Schrader, M. (eds) Peroxisomes. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1595. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6937-1_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6937-1_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6935-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6937-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics